The straw underwing (Thalpophila matura) is a moth of the family Noctuidae. It is found from North Africa West through South Europe and Central Europe. In the North it is in parts of Ireland, Scotland, Sweden, Norway, Finland and Estonia. Further East the range stretches from southern Russia and Asia minor to the Caucasus. This species has a wingspan of 38–46 mm. The forewings are dark brown, often variegated with paler and reddish patches and usually with prominent whitish postterminal fascia. The hindwings are very distinctive, pale straw-coloured with a broad blackish band at the margin.