Attributes / relations provided by
♦ ¹del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A., Sargatal, J., Christie, D.A. & de Juana, E. (eds.). Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona.
♦ ²Roosting Behavior of Colonial and Solitary Flying Foxes in American Samoa (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae), Anne P. Brooke, Christopher Solek, Ailao Tualaulelei, Biotropica 32(2): 338-350, 2000
♦ ³Pteropus tonganus, Carrie A. Miller and Don E. Wilson, MAMMALIAN SPECIES No. 552, pp. 1-6 (1997)