Attributes / relations provided by
♦ ¹del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A., Sargatal, J., Christie, D.A. & de Juana, E. (eds.). Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona.
♦ ²Ecology, Distribution, and Food Habits of Spectacled Bears, Tremarctos ornatus, in Peru, Bernard Peyton, Journal of Mammalogy, Vol. 61, No. 4, (Nov., 1980), pp. 639-652