Animalia > Chordata > Mammalia > Carnivora > Ursidae > Tremarctos > Tremarctos ornatus

Tremarctos ornatus (Spectacled Bear)

Synonyms:

Wikipedia Abstract

The spectacled bear (Tremarctos ornatus), also known as the Andean bear or Andean short-faced bear and locally as jukumari (Aymara), ukumari (Quechua) or ukuku, is the last remaining short-faced bear (subfamily Tremarctinae). Its closest relatives are the extinct Florida spectacled bear, and the giant short-faced bears of the Middle Pleistocene to Late Pleistocene age. Spectacled bears are the only surviving species of bear native to South America, and the only surviving member of the subfamily Tremarctinae. The species is classified as Vulnerable by the IUCN because of habitat loss.
View Wikipedia Record: Tremarctos ornatus

Endangered Species

Status: Vulnerable
View IUCN Record: Tremarctos ornatus

EDGE Analysis

Uniqueness Scale: Similiar (0) 
15
 Unique (100)
Uniqueness & Vulnerability Scale: Similiar & Secure (0) 
63
 Unique & Vulnerable (100)
ED Score: 29.84
EDGE Score: 4.82
Learn more at EDGE of Existence programme

Attributes

Adult Weight [1]  240.856 lbs (109.25 kg)
Birth Weight [1]  320 grams
Diet [2]  Frugivore, Herbivore
Diet - Fruit [2]  80 %
Diet - Plants [2]  20 %
Forages - Ground [2]  100 %
Female Maturity [3]  4 years
Male Maturity [3]  4 years
Gestation [1]  7 months 18 days
Litter Size [1]  2
Maximum Longevity [1]  39 years
Nocturnal [4]  Yes
Snout to Vent Length [3]  5.838 feet (178 cm)
Weaning [1]  90 days

Ecoregions

Protected Areas

Biodiversity Hotspots

Name Location Endemic Species Website
Tropical Andes Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Venezuela No
Tumbes-Choco-Magdalena Colombia, Ecuador, Panama, Peru No

Prey / Diet

Colicodendron scabridum[5]
Cordia fragrantissima[5]
Eriotheca discolor[5]
Schinus molle (false pepper)[5]

Prey / Diet Overlap

Consumers

Parasitized by 
Ctenocephalides felis felis[6]

Range Map

External References

Citations

Attributes / relations provided by
♦ 1de Magalhaes, J. P., and Costa, J. (2009) A database of vertebrate longevity records and their relation to other life-history traits. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 22(8):1770-1774
♦ 2Hamish Wilman, Jonathan Belmaker, Jennifer Simpson, Carolina de la Rosa, Marcelo M. Rivadeneira, and Walter Jetz. 2014. EltonTraits 1.0: Species-level foraging attributes of the world's birds and mammals. Ecology 95:2027
♦ 3Nathan P. Myhrvold, Elita Baldridge, Benjamin Chan, Dhileep Sivam, Daniel L. Freeman, and S. K. Morgan Ernest. 2015. An amniote life-history database to perform comparative analyses with birds, mammals, and reptiles. Ecology 96:3109
♦ 4Myers, P., R. Espinosa, C. S. Parr, T. Jones, G. S. Hammond, and T. A. Dewey. 2006. The Animal Diversity Web (online). Accessed February 01, 2010 at animaldiversity.org
♦ 5Ecology, Distribution, and Food Habits of Spectacled Bears, Tremarctos ornatus, in Peru, Bernard Peyton, Journal of Mammalogy, Vol. 61, No. 4, (Nov., 1980), pp. 639-652
♦ 6International Flea Database
Ecoregions provided by World Wide Fund For Nature (WWF). WildFinder: Online database of species distributions, ver. 01.06 Wildfinder Database
Biodiversity Hotspots provided by Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund
Abstract provided by DBpedia licensed under a Creative Commons License
Species taxanomy provided by GBIF Secretariat (2022). GBIF Backbone Taxonomy. Checklist dataset https://doi.org/10.15468/39omei accessed via GBIF.org on 2023-06-13; License: CC BY 4.0