Attributes / relations provided by
♦ ¹Thorny Skate, Amblyraja radiata, Life History and Habitat Characteristics, David B. Packer, Christine A. Zetlin, and Joseph J. Vitaliano, NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-NE-178 (2003)
♦ ²Feeding Biology of the Blackfin Sculpin (Malacocottus kincaidi Gilbert and Thompson, 1905) and the Spinyhead Sculpin (Dasycottus setiger Bean, 1890) in the Northeastern Gulf of Alaska, STEPHEN C. JEWETT, ROBERT H. DAY, AND HOWARD M. FEDER, Pacific Science (1989) , vol. 43, no. 2, p. 144-151
♦ ³Distribution and feeding ecology of Raja radiata in the northeastern North Sea and Skagerrak (Norwegian Deep), J. E. Skjæraasen, and O. A. Bergstad, ICES Journal of Marine Science, 57: 1249–1260. 2000