Attributes / relations provided by
♦ 1Food of Northwest Atlantic Fishes and Two Common Species of Squid, Ray E. Bowman, Charles E. Stillwell, William L. Michaels, and Marvin D. Grosslein, NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-NE-155 (2000)
♦ 2Thorny Skate, Amblyraja radiata,
Life History and Habitat Characteristics, David B. Packer, Christine A. Zetlin, and Joseph J. Vitaliano, NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-NE-178 (2003)
♦ 3 Steimle FW, Pikanowski RA, McMillan DG, Zetlin CA, Wilk SJ. 2000.
Demersal Fish and American Lobster Diets in the Lower Hudson - Raritan Estuary. US Dep Commer, NOAA Tech Memo NMFS NE 161; 106 p.
♦ 4Winter feeding ecology and trophic relationships of Oldsquaws and White-winged Scoters on Kachemak Bay, Alaska, Gerald A. Sanger and Robert D. Jones, Jr., Canadian Wildlife Service, 1984
♦ 5Feeding Biology of the Blackfin Sculpin (Malacocottus kincaidi Gilbert and Thompson, 1905) and the Spinyhead Sculpin (Dasycottus setiger Bean, 1890) in the Northeastern Gulf of Alaska, STEPHEN C. JEWETT, ROBERT H. DAY, AND HOWARD M. FEDER, Pacific Science (1989) , vol. 43, no. 2, p. 144-151
♦ 6Latour, Robert J., et al. "The trophic dynamics of summer flounder (Paralichthys dentatus) in Chesapeake Bay." Fishery Bulletin 106.1 (2008): 47+. Academic OneFile. Web. 23 July 2010