Attributes / relations provided by
♦ ¹Starling-Westerberg, A. N. N. E. (2001). The habitat use and diet of black grouse Tetrao tetrix in the Pennine hills of northern England. Bird Study, 48(1), 76-89.
♦ ²Biological Records Centre Database of Insects and their Food Plants
♦ ³Tornberg, Risto, Pekka Helle, and Erkki Korpimaki. "Vulnerability of black grouse hens to goshawk predation: result of food supply or predation facilitation?" Oecologia 166.3 (2011): 577+. Academic OneFile. Web. 15 July 2014.