World Species : Protected Area : Val d'Ozola, Monte Cusna

Val d'Ozola, Monte Cusna

Location:	Italy
Area:	12,041 acres (4,873 hectares)
Species:	All Endangered Invasive
Climate:	View Climate Data
Land Use:	View Land Use Data
Köppen climate classification:	Cfb (Climate: warm temperate; Precipitation: fully humid; Temperature: warm summer)
Natura 2000 Data Sheet:	View Data Sheet Explanatory notes

Ecoregions

Appenine deciduous montane forests

Soils

— Protected Area Boundary

	A						B				C

Share	35 %	30 %	15 %	10 %	5 %	5 %	50 %	35 %	8 %	7 %	50 %	30 %	10 %	5 %	5 %
Soil Type	Calcaric Regosols	Eutric Regosols	Eutric Cambisols	Lithic Leptosols	Gleyic Luvisols	Haplic Luvisols	Dystric Cambisols	Cambic Podzols	Umbric Leptosols	Haplic Luvisols	Dystric Cambisols	Eutric Cambisols	Haplic Luvisols	Lithic Leptosols	Lithic Leptosols
Topsoil Texture	Medium	Fine	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Coarse	Coarse	Coarse	Coarse	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium
Reference Depth	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	10 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	30 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	10 cm	10 cm
Drainage	Moderately well	Moderately well	Moderately well	Imperfectly	Poor	Moderately well	Well	Somewhat excessive	Moderately well	Moderately well	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Imperfectly
Available Water Capacity	100 m	75 m	100 m	15 mm	100 m	100 m	50 m	15 m	15 mm	75 m	50 m	50 m	50 m	15 mm	15 mm
Phase 1	Stony	Stony	Stony	Stony	Stony	Stony	Stony	Stony	Stony	Stony	Lithic	Lithic	Lithic
Root Obstacle	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm		None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	20 - 40 cm		None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm
Impermeable Layer	80 - 150 cm	80 - 150 cm	80 - 150 cm		None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	40 - 80 cm		None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm
Soil Water Regime	Wet within 80 cm over 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 11 month	Wet within 80 cm over 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 11 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month		Wet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month		Wet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Wet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 month
Topsoil Properties
Gravel	14 %	48 %	9 %	21 %	5 %	4 %	10 %	3 %	10 %	4 %	10 %	9 %	4 %	21 %	21 %
Sand	44 %	26 %	42 %	42 %	47 %	41 %	75 %	85 %	79 %	82 %	42 %	42 %	41 %	42 %	42 %
Silt	35 %	30 %	36 %	34 %	29 %	37 %	15 %	10 %	13 %	8 %	38 %	36 %	37 %	34 %	34 %
Clay	21 %	44 %	22 %	24 %	24 %	22 %	10 %	5 %	8 %	10 %	20 %	22 %	22 %	24 %	24 %
USDA Texture	Loam	Clay	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Sandy loam	Loamy sand	Loamy sand	Loamy sand	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam
Reference Bulk Density	1.41 g/cm³	1.26 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.58 g/cm³	1.7 g/cm³	1.62 g/cm³	1.59 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³
Bulk Density	1.37 g/cm³	1.28 g/cm³	1.37 g/cm³	1.3 g/cm³	1.54 g/cm³	1.43 g/cm³	1.49 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.45 g/cm³	1.43 g/cm³	1.3 g/cm³	1.37 g/cm³	1.43 g/cm³	1.3 g/cm³	1.3 g/cm³
Organic Carbon	0.75 %	1.89 %	1 %	1.61 %	0.83 %	0.74 %	0.7 %	2.02 %	2.59 %	0.4 %	1.45 %	1 %	0.74 %	1.61 %	1.61 %
PH	8	6.1	6.6	7.5	6.3	6.5	5.1	4.3	4.7	6.5	5.1	6.6	6.5	7.5	7.5
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity	45 cmol kg⁻¹	52 cmol kg⁻¹	55 cmol kg⁻¹	42 cmol kg⁻¹	46 cmol kg⁻¹	47 cmol kg⁻¹	21 cmol kg⁻¹	78 cmol kg⁻¹	24 cmol kg⁻¹	48 cmol kg⁻¹	32 cmol kg⁻¹	55 cmol kg⁻¹	47 cmol kg⁻¹	42 cmol kg⁻¹	42 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity	17 cmol kg⁻¹	24 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	13 cmol kg⁻¹	5 cmol kg⁻¹	5 cmol kg⁻¹	8 cmol kg⁻¹	6 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	13 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation	100 %	62 %	93 %	100 %	93 %	91 %	28 %	17 %	86 %	89 %	38 %	93 %	91 %	100 %	100 %
Total Exchangeable Bases	26.8 cmol kg⁻¹	12.9 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹	15.5 cmol kg⁻¹	14.9 cmol kg⁻¹	11 cmol kg⁻¹	1.5 cmol kg⁻¹	2.5 cmol kg⁻¹	5.2 cmol kg⁻¹	5.9 cmol kg⁻¹	4.3 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹	11 cmol kg⁻¹	15.5 cmol kg⁻¹	15.5 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate	15 %	0 %	0 %	3.9 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	3.9 %	3.9 %
Calcium Sulphate	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %
Exchangeable Sodium	2 %	0 %	2 %	3 %	2 %	1 %	5 %	0 %	0 %	2 %	2 %	2 %	1 %	3 %	3 %
Electrical Conductivity	0.2 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1
Subsoil Properties
Gravel	18 %	33 %	12 %		6 %	3 %	9 %	3 %		6 %	19 %	12 %	3 %
Sand	40 %	24 %	41 %		39 %	37 %	68 %	86 %		75 %	45 %	41 %	37 %
Silt	35 %	27 %	34 %		27 %	34 %	17 %	10 %		8 %	35 %	34 %	34 %
Clay	25 %	49 %	25 %		34 %	29 %	15 %	4 %		17 %	20 %	25 %	29 %
USDA Texture	Loam	Clay	Loam		Clay loam	Clay loam	Sandy loam	Loamy sand		Sandy loam	Loam	Loam	Clay loam
Reference Bulk Density	1.37 g/cm³	1.24 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³		1.33 g/cm³	1.35 g/cm³	1.51 g/cm³	1.73 g/cm³		1.5 g/cm³	1.42 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.35 g/cm³
Bulk Density	1.5 g/cm³	1.35 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³		1.65 g/cm³	1.51 g/cm³	1.5 g/cm³	1.57 g/cm³		1.57 g/cm³	1.36 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.51 g/cm³
Organic Carbon	0.47 %	0.61 %	0.37 %		0.28 %	0.36 %	0.27 %	0.51 %		0.24 %	0.5 %	0.37 %	0.36 %
PH	8.1	6.4	7		7	6.7	5	4.8		6.5	5.2	7	6.7
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity	52 cmol kg⁻¹	40 cmol kg⁻¹	55 cmol kg⁻¹		44 cmol kg⁻¹	50 cmol kg⁻¹	31 cmol kg⁻¹	50 cmol kg⁻¹		53 cmol kg⁻¹	35 cmol kg⁻¹	55 cmol kg⁻¹	50 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity	15 cmol kg⁻¹	23 cmol kg⁻¹	15 cmol kg⁻¹		16 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹	5 cmol kg⁻¹	2 cmol kg⁻¹		10 cmol kg⁻¹	9 cmol kg⁻¹	15 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation	100 %	55 %	93 %		99 %	93 %	36 %	21 %		88 %	33 %	93 %	93 %
Total Exchangeable Bases	36.5 cmol kg⁻¹	11.6 cmol kg⁻¹	15.1 cmol kg⁻¹		15.9 cmol kg⁻¹	13.1 cmol kg⁻¹	1.4 cmol kg⁻¹	1.5 cmol kg⁻¹		8.1 cmol kg⁻¹	2.6 cmol kg⁻¹	15.1 cmol kg⁻¹	13.1 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate	15 %	0 %	0.1 %		0.4 %	0 %	0 %	0 %		0 %	0 %	0.1 %	0 %
Calcium Sulphate	0 %	0 %	0 %		0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %		0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %
Exchangeable Sodium	2 %	0 %	2 %		2 %	1 %	5 %	0 %		1 %	2 %	2 %	1 %
Electrical Conductivity	0.3 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1		0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1		0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1

Soil data provided by FAO/IIASA/ISRIC/ISSCAS/JRC, 2012. Harmonized World Soil Database (version 1.2). FAO, Rome, Italy and IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria.

Köppen climate classification provided by Kottek, M., J. Grieser, C. Beck, B. Rudolf, and F. Rubel, 2006: World Map of Köppen-Geiger Climate Classification updated. Meteorol. Z., 15, 259-263