World Species : Protected Area : ORI TSAMANTA, FILIATON, FARMAKOVOUNI, MEGALI RACHI

ORI TSAMANTA, FILIATON, FARMAKOVOUNI, MEGALI RACHI

Location:	Greece
Area:	49,061 acres (19,854 hectares)
Species:	All Endangered Invasive
Climate:	View Climate Data
Land Use:	View Land Use Data
Köppen climate classification:	Csa (Climate: warm temperate; Precipitation: summer dry; Temperature: hot summer)
Natura 2000 Data Sheet:	View Data Sheet Explanatory notes

Ecoregions

Illyrian deciduous forests

Soils

— Protected Area Boundary

	A						B					C

Share	30 %	20 %	15 %	10 %	10 %	5 %	40 %	20 %	20 %	10 %	10 %	80 %	3 %	3 %	3 %	2 %	2 %	1 %	1 %
Soil Type	Lithic Leptosols	Calcaric Regosols	Chromic Cambisols	Calcic Kastanozems	Chromic Luvisols	Chromic Luvisols	Calcic Luvisols	Eutric Cambisols	Eutric Regosols	Chromic Luvisols	Lithic Leptosols	Eutric Regosols	Humic Cambisols	Haplic Phaeozems	Lithic Leptosols	Lithic Leptosols	Lithic Leptosols	Haplic Luvisols	Lithic Leptosols
Topsoil Texture	Fine	Fine	Fine	Fine	Medium	Medium	Coarse	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Coarse	Medium	Coarse	Fine	Coarse
Reference Depth	10 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	10 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	10 cm	10 cm	10 cm	100 cm	10 cm
Drainage	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Moderately well	Moderately well	Moderately well	Moderately well	Moderately well	Moderately well	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Moderately well	Moderately well	Imperfectly	Moderately well	Moderately well	Moderately well
Available Water Capacity	15 mm	15 m	15 m	15 m	100 m	100 m	50 m	50 m	50 m	50 m	15 mm	15 m	50 m	150 m	0 mm	15 mm	0 mm	150 m	0 mm
Phase 1		Lithic	Stony	Stony	Stony	Stony	Gravelly	Gravelly	Gravelly	Gravelly		Stony	Lithic		Stony	Stony	Stony		Stony
Phase 2		Stony	Lithic	Lithic					Stony			Lithic	Erosion
Root Obstacle		40 - 60 cm	40 - 60 cm	40 - 60 cm	40 - 60 cm	40 - 60 cm	None to 80 cm	60 - 80 cm	60 - 80 cm	None to 80 cm		20 - 40 cm	20 - 40 cm	40 - 60 cm				None to 80 cm
Impermeable Layer		None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm		None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm				None to 150 cm
Soil Water Regime		Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month		Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month				Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month
Topsoil Properties
Gravel	17 %	48 %	2 %	4 %	12 %	12 %	4 %	9 %	25 %	12 %	21 %	25 %	8 %	2 %	21 %	21 %	21 %	19 %	21 %
Sand	28 %	22 %	21 %	16 %	48 %	48 %	83 %	42 %	47 %	48 %	42 %	47 %	41 %	38 %	73 %	42 %	73 %	31 %	73 %
Silt	25 %	36 %	29 %	33 %	28 %	28 %	6 %	36 %	34 %	28 %	34 %	34 %	36 %	39 %	18 %	34 %	18 %	22 %	18 %
Clay	47 %	42 %	50 %	51 %	24 %	24 %	11 %	22 %	19 %	24 %	24 %	19 %	23 %	23 %	9 %	24 %	9 %	47 %	9 %
USDA Texture	Clay	Clay	Clay	Clay	Loam	Loam	Loamy sand	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Sandy loam	Loam	Sandy loam	Clay	Sandy loam
Reference Bulk Density	1.26 g/cm³	1.27 g/cm³	1.24 g/cm³	1.22 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.58 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.43 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.43 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.59 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.59 g/cm³	1.26 g/cm³	1.59 g/cm³
Bulk Density	1.4 g/cm³	1.28 g/cm³	1.23 g/cm³	1.15 g/cm³	1.53 g/cm³	1.53 g/cm³	1.48 g/cm³	1.37 g/cm³	1.21 g/cm³	1.53 g/cm³	1.3 g/cm³	1.21 g/cm³	1.1 g/cm³	1.3 g/cm³	1.45 g/cm³	1.3 g/cm³	1.45 g/cm³	1.31 g/cm³	1.45 g/cm³
Organic Carbon	2.3 %	1.83 %	1.43 %	1.6 %	0.83 %	0.83 %	0.3 %	1 %	0.98 %	0.83 %	1.61 %	0.98 %	2.72 %	1.95 %	1.4 %	1.61 %	1.4 %	1.2 %	1.4 %
PH	7.5	7.6	6.8	7.9	6.3	6.3	7.1	6.6	6.4	6.3	7.5	6.4	5.3	6.4	7.5	7.5	7.5	6.5	7.5
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity	33 cmol kg⁻¹	32 cmol kg⁻¹	32 cmol kg⁻¹	79 cmol kg⁻¹	39 cmol kg⁻¹	39 cmol kg⁻¹	52 cmol kg⁻¹	55 cmol kg⁻¹	40 cmol kg⁻¹	39 cmol kg⁻¹	42 cmol kg⁻¹	40 cmol kg⁻¹	52 cmol kg⁻¹	55 cmol kg⁻¹	85 cmol kg⁻¹	42 cmol kg⁻¹	85 cmol kg⁻¹	44 cmol kg⁻¹	85 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity	35 cmol kg⁻¹	23 cmol kg⁻¹	21 cmol kg⁻¹	37 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	7 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	21 cmol kg⁻¹	20 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	27 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation	100 %	62 %	94 %	94 %	88 %	88 %	100 %	93 %	78 %	88 %	100 %	78 %	25 %	87 %	86 %	100 %	86 %	83 %	86 %
Total Exchangeable Bases	37.6 cmol kg⁻¹	12.9 cmol kg⁻¹	22.9 cmol kg⁻¹	43.5 cmol kg⁻¹	10 cmol kg⁻¹	10 cmol kg⁻¹	6.4 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹	10 cmol kg⁻¹	15.5 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹	5.4 cmol kg⁻¹	12.4 cmol kg⁻¹	5.2 cmol kg⁻¹	15.5 cmol kg⁻¹	5.2 cmol kg⁻¹	22.6 cmol kg⁻¹	5.2 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate	1.4 %	3 %	0.2 %	8.1 %	0 %	0 %	5.2 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	3.9 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	3.9 %	0 %	0.1 %	0 %
Calcium Sulphate	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %
Exchangeable Sodium	1 %	1 %	1 %	2 %	1 %	1 %	2 %	2 %	1 %	1 %	3 %	1 %	1 %	1 %	1 %	3 %	1 %	1 %	1 %
Electrical Conductivity	0.4 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.3 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1
Subsoil Properties
Gravel		33 %	4 %	6 %	8 %	8 %	5 %	12 %	28 %	8 %		28 %	6 %	4 %				28 %
Sand		21 %	21 %	20 %	41 %	41 %	76 %	41 %	51 %	41 %		51 %	44 %	40 %				27 %
Silt		36 %	28 %	36 %	25 %	25 %	7 %	34 %	31 %	25 %		31 %	32 %	37 %				20 %
Clay		43 %	51 %	44 %	34 %	34 %	17 %	25 %	18 %	34 %		18 %	24 %	23 %				53 %
USDA Texture		Clay	Clay	Clay	Clay loam	Clay loam	Sandy loam	Loam	Loam	Clay loam		Loam	Loam	Loam				Clay
Reference Bulk Density		1.25 g/cm³	1.23 g/cm³	1.26 g/cm³	1.33 g/cm³	1.33 g/cm³	1.5 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.44 g/cm³	1.33 g/cm³		1.44 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³				1.24 g/cm³
Bulk Density		1.35 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.45 g/cm³	1.51 g/cm³	1.51 g/cm³	1.55 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.45 g/cm³	1.51 g/cm³		1.45 g/cm³	1.16 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³				1.3 g/cm³
Organic Carbon		0.5 %	0.58 %	0.6 %	0.4 %	0.4 %	0.2 %	0.37 %	0.4 %	0.4 %		0.4 %	1.07 %	0.67 %				0.59 %
PH		7.8	7.2	8.2	6.4	6.4	7.8	7	6.9	6.4		6.9	5.3	6.8				7.4
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity		39 cmol kg⁻¹	31 cmol kg⁻¹	77 cmol kg⁻¹	41 cmol kg⁻¹	41 cmol kg⁻¹	51 cmol kg⁻¹	55 cmol kg⁻¹	56 cmol kg⁻¹	41 cmol kg⁻¹		56 cmol kg⁻¹	37 cmol kg⁻¹	64 cmol kg⁻¹				49 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity		20 cmol kg⁻¹	23 cmol kg⁻¹	32 cmol kg⁻¹	15 cmol kg⁻¹	15 cmol kg⁻¹	8 cmol kg⁻¹	15 cmol kg⁻¹	11 cmol kg⁻¹	15 cmol kg⁻¹		11 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹	17 cmol kg⁻¹				27 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation		55 %	96 %	100 %	90 %	90 %	100 %	93 %	89 %	90 %		89 %	30 %	95 %				84 %
Total Exchangeable Bases		11.6 cmol kg⁻¹	19.5 cmol kg⁻¹	47.4 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	14.3 cmol kg⁻¹	15.1 cmol kg⁻¹	10.3 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹		10.3 cmol kg⁻¹	2.5 cmol kg⁻¹	13.8 cmol kg⁻¹				26.2 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate		3 %	0.4 %	15.2 %	0 %	0 %	9.2 %	0.1 %	0 %	0 %		0 %	0 %	0.1 %				4 %
Calcium Sulphate		0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %		0 %	0 %	0 %				0 %
Exchangeable Sodium		3 %	1 %	3 %	1 %	1 %	2 %	2 %	2 %	1 %		2 %	2 %	1 %				1 %
Electrical Conductivity		0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.3 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1		0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1				0.1 dS m-1

Soil data provided by FAO/IIASA/ISRIC/ISSCAS/JRC, 2012. Harmonized World Soil Database (version 1.2). FAO, Rome, Italy and IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria.

Köppen climate classification provided by Kottek, M., J. Grieser, C. Beck, B. Rudolf, and F. Rubel, 2006: World Map of Köppen-Geiger Climate Classification updated. Meteorol. Z., 15, 259-263