World Species : Protected Area : Sonder - Oberholz

Sonder - Oberholz - Großer Horn

Location:	Germany
Area:	684 acres (277 hectares)
Species:	All Endangered Invasive
Climate:	View Climate Data
Land Use:	View Land Use Data
Köppen climate classification:	Cfb (Climate: warm temperate; Precipitation: fully humid; Temperature: warm summer)
Natura 2000 Data Sheet:	View Data Sheet Explanatory notes

Ecoregions

Central European mixed forests

Soils

— Protected Area Boundary

	A				B

Share	35 %	35 %	15 %	15 %	50 %	30 %	20 %
Soil Type	Haplic Luvisols	Luvic Phaeozems	Calcaric Regosols	Haplic Luvisols	Vertic Cambisols	Vertic Cambisols	Eutric Gleysols
Topsoil Texture	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Fine	Fine	Fine
Reference Depth	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm
Drainage	Moderately well	Moderately well	Moderately well	Moderately well	Moderately well	Moderately well	Very poor
Available Water Capacity	150 m	150 m	100 m	150 m	150 m	100 m	150 m
Phase 1			Stony
Root Obstacle	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm
Impermeable Layer	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	40 - 80 cm	80 - 150 cm
Soil Water Regime	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Wet within 80 cm over 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 11 month
Misc. Property					Vertic (cracks of more than 1 cm wide)	Vertic (cracks of more than 1 cm wide)
Topsoil Properties
Gravel	4 %	4 %	14 %	4 %	2 %	2 %	1 %
Sand	41 %	35 %	44 %	41 %	20 %	20 %	17 %
Silt	37 %	40 %	35 %	37 %	29 %	29 %	32 %
Clay	22 %	25 %	21 %	22 %	51 %	51 %	51 %
USDA Texture	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Clay	Clay	Clay
Reference Bulk Density	1.4 g/cm³	1.36 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.23 g/cm³	1.23 g/cm³	1.22 g/cm³
Bulk Density	1.43 g/cm³	1.29 g/cm³	1.37 g/cm³	1.43 g/cm³	1.43 g/cm³	1.43 g/cm³	1.25 g/cm³
Organic Carbon	0.74 %	1.68 %	0.75 %	0.74 %	0.96 %	0.96 %	1.25 %
PH	6.5	6.2	8	6.5	7.3	7.3	5.8
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity	47 cmol kg⁻¹	52 cmol kg⁻¹	45 cmol kg⁻¹	47 cmol kg⁻¹	54 cmol kg⁻¹	54 cmol kg⁻¹	37 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity	13 cmol kg⁻¹	20 cmol kg⁻¹	17 cmol kg⁻¹	13 cmol kg⁻¹	36 cmol kg⁻¹	36 cmol kg⁻¹	25 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation	91 %	87 %	100 %	91 %	94 %	94 %	78 %
Total Exchangeable Bases	11 cmol kg⁻¹	16.1 cmol kg⁻¹	26.8 cmol kg⁻¹	11 cmol kg⁻¹	27.4 cmol kg⁻¹	27.4 cmol kg⁻¹	18.9 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate	0 %	0 %	15 %	0 %	0.3 %	0.3 %	0 %
Calcium Sulphate	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %
Exchangeable Sodium	1 %	1 %	2 %	1 %	1 %	1 %	2 %
Electrical Conductivity	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.2 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1
Subsoil Properties
Gravel	3 %	5 %	18 %	3 %	4 %	4 %	1 %
Sand	37 %	30 %	40 %	37 %	18 %	18 %	19 %
Silt	34 %	36 %	35 %	34 %	29 %	29 %	29 %
Clay	29 %	34 %	25 %	29 %	53 %	53 %	52 %
USDA Texture	Clay loam	Clay loam	Loam	Clay loam	Clay	Clay	Clay
Reference Bulk Density	1.35 g/cm³	1.31 g/cm³	1.37 g/cm³	1.35 g/cm³	1.22 g/cm³	1.22 g/cm³	1.23 g/cm³
Bulk Density	1.51 g/cm³	1.37 g/cm³	1.5 g/cm³	1.51 g/cm³	1.46 g/cm³	1.46 g/cm³	1.35 g/cm³
Organic Carbon	0.36 %	0.68 %	0.47 %	0.36 %	0.43 %	0.43 %	0.45 %
PH	6.7	6.9	8.1	6.7	7.7	7.7	6
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity	50 cmol kg⁻¹	64 cmol kg⁻¹	52 cmol kg⁻¹	50 cmol kg⁻¹	61 cmol kg⁻¹	61 cmol kg⁻¹	40 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity	14 cmol kg⁻¹	24 cmol kg⁻¹	15 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹	35 cmol kg⁻¹	35 cmol kg⁻¹	23 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation	93 %	92 %	100 %	93 %	99 %	99 %	84 %
Total Exchangeable Bases	13.1 cmol kg⁻¹	23.8 cmol kg⁻¹	36.5 cmol kg⁻¹	13.1 cmol kg⁻¹	34.3 cmol kg⁻¹	34.3 cmol kg⁻¹	17 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate	0 %	0.4 %	15 %	0 %	4 %	4 %	0 %
Calcium Sulphate	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %
Exchangeable Sodium	1 %	2 %	2 %	1 %	2 %	2 %	3 %
Electrical Conductivity	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.3 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1

Soil data provided by FAO/IIASA/ISRIC/ISSCAS/JRC, 2012. Harmonized World Soil Database (version 1.2). FAO, Rome, Italy and IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria.

Köppen climate classification provided by Kottek, M., J. Grieser, C. Beck, B. Rudolf, and F. Rubel, 2006: World Map of Köppen-Geiger Climate Classification updated. Meteorol. Z., 15, 259-263