The Caucasian squirrel, or Persian squirrel, (Sciurus anomalus) is a tree squirrel in the genus Sciurus found in temperate broadleaf and mixed forests in south-western Asia. The species is usually said to have first been described in 1778 by Johann Friedrich Gmelin in the 13th edition of Systema Naturae, and named Sciurus anomalus. However, some authors argue that this work was actually published in 1788, and that the true first description was made by Johann Anton Güldenstädt in 1785.