The brown tanager (Orchesticus abeillei) is a small passerine bird and a member of the tanager family. It is the only member of the genus Orchesticus. The brown tanager is about 17 cm (6 3⁄4 in) in length and weighs about 31.5 g. As suggested by its name, the plumage is overall brown. The bill is relatively thick. It is endemic to humid Atlantic forest of south-eastern Brazil at altitudes of 900–1,500 m (3,000–4,900 ft). It forages in the canopy and is typically seen in pairs. It is generally uncommon, but known from several protected areas, such as the Itatiaia National Park.