Animalia > Chordata > Aves > Apterygiformes > Apterygidae > Apteryx > Apteryx australis

Apteryx australis (Southern Tokoeka; Southern Brown Kiwi; Brown Kiwi; Haast Tokoeka)

Wikipedia Abstract

The southern brown kiwi, tokoeka, or common kiwi, Apteryx australis, is a species of kiwi from New Zealand's South Island. Until 2000 it was considered conspecific with the North Island brown kiwi, and still is by some authorities.
View Wikipedia Record: Apteryx australis

Infraspecies

Apteryx australis australis (South Island kiwi)
Apteryx australis lawryi (Stewart Island kiwi)

Endangered Species

Status: Vulnerable
View IUCN Record: Apteryx australis

EDGE Analysis

Uniqueness Scale: Similiar (0) 
8
 Unique (100)
Uniqueness & Vulnerability Scale: Similiar & Secure (0) 
54
 Unique & Vulnerable (100)
ED Score: 16.7642
EDGE Score: 4.26348
Learn more at EDGE of Existence programme

Attributes

Adult Weight [1]  5.456 lbs (2.475 kg)
Birth Weight [2]  325 grams
Female Weight [5]  5.60 lbs (2.54 kg)
Male Weight [5]  4.674 lbs (2.12 kg)
Weight Dimorphism [5]  19.8 %
Diet [3]  Carnivore (Invertebrates), Frugivore, Herbivore
Diet - Fruit [3]  10 %
Diet - Invertibrates [3]  80 %
Diet - Plants [3]  10 %
Forages - Ground [3]  100 %
Clutch Size [2]  1
Clutches / Year [1]  1
Fledging [1]  6 days
Incubation [2]  75 days
Mating System [6]  Monogamy
Maximum Longevity [2]  35 years
Nocturnal [7]  Yes
Female Maturity [4]  2 years
Male Maturity [4]  1 year 2 months

Ecoregions

Biodiversity Hotspots

Name Location Endemic Species Website
New Zealand New Zealand Yes

Prey / Diet

Elaeocarpus pierrei[8]
Prumnopitys ferruginea (Miro)[8]
Rhopalostylis sapida (Nikau palm)[8]

Prey / Diet Overlap

Consumers

Parasitized by 
Parapsyllus nestoris nestoris[9]

External References

Citations

Attributes / relations provided by
♦ 1Nathan P. Myhrvold, Elita Baldridge, Benjamin Chan, Dhileep Sivam, Daniel L. Freeman, and S. K. Morgan Ernest. 2015. An amniote life-history database to perform comparative analyses with birds, mammals, and reptiles. Ecology 96:3109
♦ 2de Magalhaes, J. P., and Costa, J. (2009) A database of vertebrate longevity records and their relation to other life-history traits. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 22(8):1770-1774
♦ 3Hamish Wilman, Jonathan Belmaker, Jennifer Simpson, Carolina de la Rosa, Marcelo M. Rivadeneira, and Walter Jetz. 2014. EltonTraits 1.0: Species-level foraging attributes of the world's birds and mammals. Ecology 95:2027
♦ 4del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A., Sargatal, J., Christie, D.A. & de Juana, E. (eds.). Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona.
♦ 5Colbourne, R.; Kleinpaste, R. 1983. A banding study of North Island brown kiwis in an exotic forest. Notornis 30: 109-124
♦ 6Terje Lislevand, Jordi Figuerola, and Tamás Székely. 2007. Avian body sizes in relation to fecundity, mating system, display behavior, and resource sharing. Ecology 88:1605
♦ 7Myers, P., R. Espinosa, C. S. Parr, T. Jones, G. S. Hammond, and T. A. Dewey. 2006. The Animal Diversity Web (online). Accessed February 01, 2010 at animaldiversity.org
♦ 8THE IMPORTANCE OF BIRDS AS BROWSERS, POLLINATORS AND SEED DISPERSERS IN NEW ZEALAND FORESTS, M.N. Clout and J. R. Hay, NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY, VOL 12, (SUPPLEMENT) 1989, pp. 27-33
♦ 9International Flea Database
Ecoregions provided by World Wide Fund For Nature (WWF). WildFinder: Online database of species distributions, ver. 01.06 Wildfinder Database
Biodiversity Hotspots provided by Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund
Abstract provided by DBpedia licensed under a Creative Commons License
Species taxanomy provided by GBIF Secretariat (2022). GBIF Backbone Taxonomy. Checklist dataset https://doi.org/10.15468/39omei accessed via GBIF.org on 2023-06-13; License: CC BY 4.0