Macarostola japonica is a moth of the Gracillariidae family. It is known from Japan (Honshū and Satunan). The wingspan is 9–10 mm. The larvae feed on Euscaphis japonica. There are four or five instars. In the first two instars the larvae are of sap-feeding type with a flat head, and in the third to supposed fifth instars they are tissue-feeders, with a round head and a cylindrical body as in usual lepidopterous larvae. The mine starts as a tortuous serpentine mine, which is located inside the lower epidermis of a leaf and is whitish in colour. The second instar larva expands the linear mine to an elongated blotch along the leaf-margin. In this stage the mine occupies the lower layer of spongy parenchyma. The larva of the third instar feeds on the whole parenchymal tissues remaining inside