The Brazilian spiny tree rat (Makalata didelphoides) is a species of rodent in the family Echimyidae. It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, Venezuela, and Trinidad & Tobago where it lives in lowland tropical rainforest. There is also a population in Ecuador which is referable either to this species or to Makalata macrurus. It is nocturnal, and eats seeds.