The cerrado climbing mouse (Rhipidomys macrurus) is an arboreal rodent species in the family Cricetidae from South America. It is found in central and eastern Brazil in forests of the cerrado and caatinga, and has also been seen in the Atlantic Forest. Its karyotype is 2n = 44, FN = 48-52. It is sometimes commonly known as the long-tailed rhipidomys. The Atlantic Forest climbing mouse (Rhipidomys mastacalis) has sometimes been similarly referred to as the "long-tailed climbing mouse". Rodents of genus Vandeleuria are also commonly known as long-tailed climbing mice.