The Oʻahu ʻelepaio (Chasiempis ibidis) is a monarch flycatcher found on the Hawaiian Island of Oahu. It is now restricted to an area of 47 square kilometers (18 sq mi) in the Koʻolau and Waiʻanae ranges, where a fragmented population of 1,200-1,400 birds occurs. It is listed as endangered; avian malaria and fowlpox are widespread in the population and although it appears to have weathered the worst of it, it is threatened by a combination of these diseases and predation of nestlings, eggs and adult females by rats. In areas where rats are controlled, survival and nest success are higher. Recently completed surveys of populations in the Koʻolau range have unexpectedly revealed that the population has largely remained stable since surveys conducted in the 1990s. However, only about 20 indivi