Pseudophoxinus libani is a species of ray-finned fish in the Cyprinidae family. It is the only endemic fish of Lebanon. It was originally reported in the upper Orontes river by Louis Charles Émile Lortet in 1883. It was considered extinct in 1996 but was found again in 2001, alive and well, swimming around in Lake Yammoune in the Yammoune nature reserve near Yammoune village. Its natural habitats are rivers and inland karsts. It is considered a Critically Endangered species, threatened by habitat loss (especially through eutrophication of Lake Yammoune) and overfishing.