Microschemobrycon is a genus of characins, in the family Characidae, from South America, with seven currently described species. It is a neotropical genus of ray-finned fishes distributed in the Amazon Basin to Mato Grosso and Paraná Basin, Paraguay, to the Rio de la Plata.With such geographical spread is not surprising adaptation to different ecosystems, which has resulted in variations in size, color, eating habits, and types of water. Their closest living relatives are the Characiformes, the Gymnotiformes (electric eel and American knifefishes), and the Siluriformes (catfishes).