Attributes / relations provided by
♦ 1Predator-Prey Database for the family Asilidae (Hexapoda: Diptera) Prepared by Dr. Robert Lavigne, Professor Emeritus, University of Wyoming, USA and Dr. Jason Londt (Natal Museum, Pietermaritzburg)
♦ 2Raw, A. (1997).
Avian predation on individual neotropical social wasps (Hymenoptera, Vespidae) outside their nests. Ornitologia neotropical, 8, 89-92.
♦ 3Ramirez, N., and Y. Brito. 1992.
Pollination Biology in a Palm Swamp Community in the Venezuelan Central Plains. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 110:277-302.