Hylesia nigricans is a species of lepidoptera of the Saturniidae family. It is a nocturnal moth endemic to Argentina and Brazil. It can be found mainly in the north and center of Argentina and the south of Brazil, due to climatic factors which favor its reproduction. It possesses a voracious appetite, attacking different kinds of plants: fruit bearing, ornamental and forest plants. It has been declared a national plague in Argentina in 1911.There exists a range of chemical products aimed at controlling their development.