Xylophanes rothschildi is a moth of the family Sphingidae. It is found from Colombia, Ecuador and Peru south to Bolivia. The wingspan is 63–72 mm. The upperside of the forewings is dark green with a bluish glow. The base of the wings is also green, but has a deeper colour. The upperside of the hindwings is nearly black with an inconspicuous pinkish-orange median band. The larvae probably feed on Rubiaceae and Malvaceae species.