Hyles nicaea (Mediterranean hawk-moth) is a moth of the family Sphingidae. The nominate subspecies is found from southern Portugal and Spain though southern Europe to Turkey. It is also found on the Balearic Islands and in south-western Bulgaria. The larvae feed on Euphorbia species, including Euphorbia nicaeensis. Subspecies orientalis feeds on Euphorbia petrophila and Euphorbia seguieriana and sheljuzkoi has been recorded on Euphorbia oxydonta in Jordan.