Sphinx caligineus is a moth of the family Sphingidae. It is known from Japan, north-eastern, eastern, central and southern China, South Korea, northern Thailand and southern Vietnam. The wingspan is 55–76 mm. The larvae feed on Pinus tabulaeformis to the west and north of Beijing, as well as the ornamental Pinus armandii. In Guangdong, larvae have been recorded on Pinus massoniana. Other recorded foodplants include Pinus elliottii and Pinus taeda.