Attributes / relations provided by
♦ 1del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A., Sargatal, J., Christie, D.A. & de Juana, E. (eds.).
Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona.
♦ 2Ecology of the Asian Elephant in Southern India. II. Feeding Habits and Crop Raiding Patterns, R. Sukumar, Journal of Tropical Ecology Vol. 6, No. 1 (Feb., 1990), pp. 33-53