Attributes / relations provided by
♦ ¹del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A., Sargatal, J., Christie, D.A. & de Juana, E. (eds.). Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona.
♦ ²Diet composition, continuity in prey availability and marine habitat – keystones to population stability in the Snares Penguin (Eudyptes robustus), Thomas Mattern, David M. Houston, Chris Lalas, Alvin N. Setiawan and Lloyd S. Davis, Emu, 2009, 109, 204–213