Attributes / relations provided by
♦ ¹del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A., Sargatal, J., Christie, D.A. & de Juana, E. (eds.). Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona.
♦ ²A Meeting of Opportunists: Birds and Other Visitors to Mabea fistulifera (Euphorbiaceae) Inflorescences, Fábio Olmos and Ricardo L. P. Boulhosa, Ararajuba 8 (2): 93-98 (2000)
♦ ³The Feeding Ecology of Tanagers and Honeycreepers in Trinidad, Barbara K. Snow and D. W. Snow, The Auk Vol. 88, No. 2 (Apr., 1971), pp. 291-322