Attributes / relations provided by
♦ ¹Diet and trophic ecology of skates in the Gulf of Alaska (Raja and Bathyraja spp.): ecological information for ecosystem–based management of demersal resources, David A. Ebert, Joseph J. Bizzarro, Simon C. Brown, Mariah D. Boyle, and Gregor M. Cailliet, NPRB Project 621 Final Report (2008)
♦ ²Marbled Murrelet Food Habits and Prey Ecology, Esther E. Burkett, USDA Forest Service Gen. Tech. Rep. PSW-152. 1995., Chap 22, p. 223-246
♦ ³Diet and Ecomorphology of the Sandpaper Skate, Bathyraja kincaidii (Garman, 1908) from the Eastern North Pacific, Christopher Scott Rinewalt, Masters Thesis, California State University, Monterey Bay (2007)
♦ ⁴Food Web Relationships of Northern Puget Sound and the Strait of Juan de Fuca : a Synthesis of the Available Knowledge, Charles A. Simenstad, Bruce S. Miller, Carl F. Nyblade, Kathleen Thornburgh, and Lewis J. Bledsoe, EPA-600 7-29-259 September 1979