Attributes / relations provided by
♦ ¹Diet and trophic ecology of skates in the Gulf of Alaska (Raja and Bathyraja spp.): ecological information for ecosystem–based management of demersal resources, David A. Ebert, Joseph J. Bizzarro, Simon C. Brown, Mariah D. Boyle, and Gregor M. Cailliet, NPRB Project 621 Final Report (2008)
♦ ²Trophic ecology of deep-water fishes associated with the continental slope of the eastern Norwegian Sea, Otte Bjelland, Odd Aksel Bergstad, Jon Egil Skjæraasen & Kenneth Meland, Sarsia 85:101-117 – 2000