Attributes / relations provided by
♦ ¹Diet and trophic ecology of skates in the Gulf of Alaska (Raja and Bathyraja spp.): ecological information for ecosystem–based management of demersal resources, David A. Ebert, Joseph J. Bizzarro, Simon C. Brown, Mariah D. Boyle, and Gregor M. Cailliet, NPRB Project 621 Final Report (2008)
♦ ²Predation by Salmon Sharks (Lamna ditropis) on Pacific Salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) in the North Pacific Ocean, Kazuya Nagasawa, NPAFC Bulletin No. 1 pp. 419-433 (1998)
♦ ³The Diets and Feeding Habits of Some Deep-Water Benthic Skates (Rajidae) in the Pacific Waters Off the Northern Kuril Islands and Southeastern Kamchatka, Alexei M. Orlov, Alaska Fishery Research Bulletin 5(1):1–17. 1998