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♦ ¹The Diets and Feeding Habits of Some Deep-Water Benthic Skates (Rajidae) in the Pacific Waters Off the Northern Kuril Islands and Southeastern Kamchatka, Alexei M. Orlov, Alaska Fishery Research Bulletin 5(1):1–17. 1998
♦ ²Feeding Interactions and Diet of Carnivorous Fishes in the Shelikhov Bay of the Sea of Okhotsk, V. V. Napazakov, Russian Journal of Marine Biology, 2008, Vol. 34, No. 7, pp. 452–460
♦ ³Diet and trophic ecology of skates in the Gulf of Alaska (Raja and Bathyraja spp.): ecological information for ecosystem–based management of demersal resources, David A. Ebert, Joseph J. Bizzarro, Simon C. Brown, Mariah D. Boyle, and Gregor M. Cailliet, NPRB Project 621 Final Report (2008)