Attributes / relations provided by
♦ ¹Thorny Skate, Amblyraja radiata, Life History and Habitat Characteristics, David B. Packer, Christine A. Zetlin, and Joseph J. Vitaliano, NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-NE-178 (2003)
♦ ²Food web of a SW Atlantic shallow coastal lagoon: spatial environmental variability does not impose substantial changes in the trophic structure, Laura Rodríguez-Graña, Danilo Calliari, Daniel Conde, Javier Sellanes, Roberto Urrutia, Mar Ecol Prog Ser 362: 69–83, 2008