World Species : Protected Area : Phu Kao - Phu Phan Kham National Park

Phu Kao - Phu Phan Kham National Park

Location:	Thailand
IUCN Category:	II
Area:	73,247 acres (29,642 hectares)
Species:	All Endangered Invasive
Website:	View website
Climate:	View Climate Data
Land Use:	View Land Use Data
Köppen climate classification:	Aw (Climate: equatorial; Precipitation: winter dry)

Ecoregions

Central Indochina dry forests
Northern Khorat Plateau moist deciduous forests

Soils

— Protected Area Boundary

	A							B

Share	15 %	15 %	20 %	20 %	20 %	5 %	5 %	35 %	35 %	10 %	10 %	10 %
Soil Type	Gleyic Acrisols	Gleyic Acrisols	Gleyic Luvisols	Ferralic Cambisols	Ferric Acrisols	Dystric Planosols	Dystric Gleysols	Orthic Acrisols	Orthic Acrisols	Lithosols	Dystric Cambisols	Humic Acrisols
Topsoil Texture	Coarse	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Fine	Medium	Medium	Medium
Reference Depth	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	10 cm	100 cm	100 cm
Drainage	Poor	Poor	Poor	Moderately well	Moderately well	Poor	Poor	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Moderately well	Moderately well
Available Water Capacity	150 m	150 m	150 m	150 m	150 m	150 m	150 m	50 m	50 m	15 mm	150 m	150 m
Phase 1								Lithic	Lithic
Topsoil Properties
Gravel	4 %	9 %	5 %	1 %	23 %	4 %	2 %	10 %	4 %	26 %	10 %	5 %
Sand	76 %	34 %	42 %	52 %	53 %	41 %	40 %	49 %	29 %	43 %	41 %	46 %
Silt	14 %	43 %	36 %	25 %	22 %	39 %	39 %	27 %	25 %	34 %	39 %	30 %
Clay	10 %	23 %	22 %	23 %	25 %	20 %	21 %	24 %	46 %	23 %	20 %	24 %
USDA Texture	Sandy loam	Loam	Loam	Sandy clay loam	Sandy clay loam	Loam	Loam	Sandy clay loam	Clay	Loam	Loam	Loam
Reference Bulk Density	1.58 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.26 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³
Bulk Density	1.47 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.31 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.33 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.27 g/cm³	1.3 g/cm³	1.3 g/cm³	1.3 g/cm³
Organic Carbon	0.72 %	0.83 %	0.94 %	0.95 %	0.98 %	1.21 %	1.25 %	1 %	1.07 %	1.4 %	1.45 %	1.73 %
PH	5.4	4.9	6.1	4.7	5.1	4.5	5.1	4.6	4.6	7.6	5.1	5
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity	14 cmol kg⁻¹	18 cmol kg⁻¹	46 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹	23 cmol kg⁻¹	24 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	13 cmol kg⁻¹	42 cmol kg⁻¹	30 cmol kg⁻¹	19 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity	5 cmol kg⁻¹	7 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹	6 cmol kg⁻¹	6 cmol kg⁻¹	7 cmol kg⁻¹	11 cmol kg⁻¹	7 cmol kg⁻¹	11 cmol kg⁻¹	15 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	9 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation	64 %	30 %	89 %	39 %	49 %	30 %	47 %	44 %	38 %	100 %	37 %	27 %
Total Exchangeable Bases	3.3 cmol kg⁻¹	1.9 cmol kg⁻¹	9.8 cmol kg⁻¹	2.6 cmol kg⁻¹	2.7 cmol kg⁻¹	9.2 cmol kg⁻¹	5.5 cmol kg⁻¹	3.5 cmol kg⁻¹	5.7 cmol kg⁻¹	15.6 cmol kg⁻¹	4.1 cmol kg⁻¹	2.5 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	3.9 %	0 %	0 %
Calcium Sulphate	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %
Exchangeable Sodium	3 %	2 %	1 %	2 %	2 %	2 %	1 %	1 %	1 %	4 %	1 %	1 %
Electrical Conductivity	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1
Subsoil Properties
Gravel	8 %	7 %	6 %	5 %	19 %	4 %	4 %	10 %	4 %		20 %	7 %
Sand	62 %	28 %	35 %	48 %	41 %	28 %	41 %	40 %	23 %		45 %	41 %
Silt	15 %	38 %	32 %	24 %	20 %	31 %	34 %	24 %	22 %		35 %	26 %
Clay	23 %	34 %	33 %	28 %	39 %	41 %	25 %	36 %	55 %		20 %	33 %
USDA Texture	Sandy clay loam	Clay loam	Clay loam	Sandy clay loam	Clay loam	Clay	Loam	Clay loam	Clay		Loam	Clay loam
Reference Bulk Density	1.43 g/cm³	1.31 g/cm³	1.32 g/cm³	1.37 g/cm³	1.31 g/cm³	1.28 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.32 g/cm³	1.23 g/cm³		1.42 g/cm³	1.34 g/cm³
Bulk Density	1.52 g/cm³	1.48 g/cm³	1.59 g/cm³	1.3 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.36 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.27 g/cm³		1.37 g/cm³	1.35 g/cm³
Organic Carbon	0.38 %	0.3 %	0.28 %	0.35 %	0.39 %	0.36 %	0.4 %	0.42 %	0.46 %		0.5 %	0.77 %
PH	4.8	4.7	6.5	4.9	5	4.8	5.2	4.8	4.9		5.2	5.2
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity	17 cmol kg⁻¹	22 cmol kg⁻¹	45 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	20 cmol kg⁻¹	31 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹		36 cmol kg⁻¹	15 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity	6 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	15 cmol kg⁻¹	5 cmol kg⁻¹	6 cmol kg⁻¹	9 cmol kg⁻¹	10 cmol kg⁻¹	6 cmol kg⁻¹	9 cmol kg⁻¹		9 cmol kg⁻¹	7 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation	31 %	20 %	96 %	57 %	33 %	57 %	47 %	32 %	23 %		33 %	21 %
Total Exchangeable Bases	2.3 cmol kg⁻¹	2 cmol kg⁻¹	14.3 cmol kg⁻¹	3.7 cmol kg⁻¹	1.3 cmol kg⁻¹	15.8 cmol kg⁻¹	6.1 cmol kg⁻¹	2.3 cmol kg⁻¹	2.7 cmol kg⁻¹		2.6 cmol kg⁻¹	3 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %		0 %	0 %
Calcium Sulphate	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %		0 %	0 %
Exchangeable Sodium	4 %	1 %	1 %	2 %	2 %	2 %	1 %	2 %	1 %		1 %	1 %
Electrical Conductivity	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1		0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1

Soil data provided by FAO/IIASA/ISRIC/ISSCAS/JRC, 2012. Harmonized World Soil Database (version 1.2). FAO, Rome, Italy and IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria.

Köppen climate classification provided by Kottek, M., J. Grieser, C. Beck, B. Rudolf, and F. Rubel, 2006: World Map of Köppen-Geiger Climate Classification updated. Meteorol. Z., 15, 259-263