World Species : Protected Area : Gamkaberg Nature Reserve

Gamkaberg Nature Reserve

Location:	Western Cape, South Africa
IUCN Category:	IV
Area:	23,767 acres (9,618 hectares)
Species:	All Endangered Invasive
Climate:	View Climate Data
Land Use:	View Land Use Data
Köppen climate classification:	BSk (Climate: arid; Precipitation: steppe; Temperature: cold arid)

Ecoregions

Albany thickets
Montane fynbos and renosterveld

Soils

— Protected Area Boundary

	A						B			C

Share	32 %	23 %	23 %	7 %	8 %	7 %	75 %	12 %	13 %	53 %	27 %	20 %
Soil Type	Eutric Leptosols	Ferric Luvisols	Lithic Leptosols	Ferric Luvisols	Eutric Leptosols	Haplic Luvisols	Lithic Leptosols	Lithic Leptosols	Lithic Leptosols	Chromic Cambisols	Chromic Luvisols	Chromic Cambisols
Topsoil Texture	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium
Reference Depth	30 cm	100 cm	10 cm	100 cm	30 cm	100 cm	10 cm	10 cm	10 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm
Drainage	Imperfectly	Moderately well	Imperfectly	Moderately well	Imperfectly	Moderately well	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Moderately well	Moderately well	Moderately well
Available Water Capacity	50 mm	150 m	15 mm	150 m	50 mm	150 m	15 mm	15 mm	15 mm	150 m	150 m	150 m
Topsoil Properties
Gravel	20 %	1 %	20 %	1 %	20 %	1 %	20 %	20 %	20 %	1 %	1 %	1 %
Sand	50 %	65 %	43 %	65 %	50 %	54 %	43 %	43 %	43 %	42 %	51 %	42 %
Silt	30 %	18 %	29 %	18 %	30 %	25 %	29 %	29 %	29 %	26 %	22 %	26 %
Clay	20 %	17 %	28 %	17 %	20 %	21 %	28 %	28 %	28 %	32 %	27 %	32 %
USDA Texture	Loam	Sandy loam	Clay loam	Sandy loam	Loam	Sandy clay loam	Clay loam	Clay loam	Clay loam	Clay loam	Sandy clay loam	Clay loam
Reference Bulk Density	1.42 g/cm³	1.47 g/cm³	1.36 g/cm³	1.47 g/cm³	1.42 g/cm³	1.42 g/cm³	1.36 g/cm³	1.36 g/cm³	1.36 g/cm³	1.34 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.34 g/cm³
Bulk Density	1.35 g/cm³	1.49 g/cm³	1.31 g/cm³	1.49 g/cm³	1.35 g/cm³	1.43 g/cm³	1.31 g/cm³	1.31 g/cm³	1.31 g/cm³	1.31 g/cm³	1.45 g/cm³	1.31 g/cm³
Organic Carbon	0.72 %	0.6 %	0.39 %	0.6 %	0.72 %	0.6 %	0.39 %	0.39 %	0.39 %	0.93 %	0.63 %	0.93 %
PH	6.5	6.4	7.5	6.4	6.5	6.5	7.5	7.5	7.5	6.7	6.4	6.7
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity	49 cmol kg⁻¹	25 cmol kg⁻¹	51 cmol kg⁻¹	25 cmol kg⁻¹	49 cmol kg⁻¹	41 cmol kg⁻¹	51 cmol kg⁻¹	51 cmol kg⁻¹	51 cmol kg⁻¹	33 cmol kg⁻¹	31 cmol kg⁻¹	33 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity	12 cmol kg⁻¹	6 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	6 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	11 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹	10 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation	87 %	81 %	100 %	81 %	87 %	89 %	100 %	100 %	100 %	90 %	85 %	90 %
Total Exchangeable Bases	10.4 cmol kg⁻¹	4.9 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	4.9 cmol kg⁻¹	10.4 cmol kg⁻¹	9.8 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	12.6 cmol kg⁻¹	8.5 cmol kg⁻¹	12.6 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate	0.8 %	0.5 %	3.1 %	0.5 %	0.8 %	0.5 %	3.1 %	3.1 %	3.1 %	1 %	0.5 %	1 %
Calcium Sulphate	0.1 %	0 %	0.1 %	0 %	0.1 %	0 %	0.1 %	0.1 %	0.1 %	0.1 %	0 %	0.1 %
Exchangeable Sodium	2 %	2 %	1 %	2 %	2 %	2 %	1 %	1 %	1 %	1 %	2 %	1 %
Electrical Conductivity	0.1 dS m-1	0 dS m-1	0.4 dS m-1	0 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0 dS m-1	0.4 dS m-1	0.4 dS m-1	0.4 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1
Subsoil Properties
Gravel		1 %		1 %		1 %				1 %	1 %	1 %
Sand		53 %		53 %		49 %				41 %	45 %	41 %
Silt		17 %		17 %		24 %				25 %	21 %	25 %
Clay		30 %		30 %		27 %				34 %	34 %	34 %
USDA Texture		Sandy clay loam		Sandy clay loam		Sandy clay loam				Clay loam	Clay loam	Clay loam
Reference Bulk Density		1.37 g/cm³		1.37 g/cm³		1.38 g/cm³				1.33 g/cm³	1.33 g/cm³	1.33 g/cm³
Bulk Density		1.52 g/cm³		1.52 g/cm³		1.51 g/cm³				1.44 g/cm³	1.5 g/cm³	1.44 g/cm³
Organic Carbon		0.33 %		0.33 %		0.26 %				0.38 %	0.35 %	0.38 %
PH		6.2		6.2		6.7				6.9	6.5	6.9
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity		25 cmol kg⁻¹		25 cmol kg⁻¹		43 cmol kg⁻¹				38 cmol kg⁻¹	31 cmol kg⁻¹	38 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity		9 cmol kg⁻¹		9 cmol kg⁻¹		13 cmol kg⁻¹				14 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation		80 %		80 %		91 %				97 %	84 %	97 %
Total Exchangeable Bases		7.2 cmol kg⁻¹		7.2 cmol kg⁻¹		11.8 cmol kg⁻¹				13.6 cmol kg⁻¹	10.1 cmol kg⁻¹	13.6 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate		0.5 %		0.5 %		0.9 %				1.3 %	0.6 %	1.3 %
Calcium Sulphate		0 %		0 %		0.1 %				0.1 %	0 %	0.1 %
Exchangeable Sodium		2 %		2 %		1 %				1 %	1 %	1 %
Electrical Conductivity		0 dS m-1		0 dS m-1		0.1 dS m-1				0.1 dS m-1	0 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1

Soil data provided by FAO/IIASA/ISRIC/ISSCAS/JRC, 2012. Harmonized World Soil Database (version 1.2). FAO, Rome, Italy and IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria.

Köppen climate classification provided by Kottek, M., J. Grieser, C. Beck, B. Rudolf, and F. Rubel, 2006: World Map of Köppen-Geiger Climate Classification updated. Meteorol. Z., 15, 259-263