Moisés Bertoni Natural Monument

Location:Paraguay
Area:488 acres (198 hectares)
Species:All  Endangered  Invasive
Website:View website
Climate:View Climate Data
Land Use:View Land Use Data
Köppen climate classification:Cfa (Climate: warm temperate; Precipitation: fully humid; Temperature: hot summer)

Ecoregions

Alta Paraná Atlantic forests

Soils

Protected Area Boundary
 AB
   
Share60 %40 %45 %15 %25 %15 %
Soil TypeMollic SolonetzGleyic SolonetzRhodic NitisolsHaplic FerralsolsHaplic NitisolsEutric Leptosols
Topsoil TextureMediumMediumMediumFineFineMedium
Reference Depth100 cm100 cm100 cm100 cm100 cm30 cm
DrainageModerately wellPoorModerately wellModerately wellModerately wellImperfectly
Available Water Capacity150 m150 m150 m150 m150 m50 mm
Topsoil Properties
Gravel0 %0 %0 %0 %2 %13 %
Sand7 %13 %63 %8 %21 %31 %
Silt64 %66 %21 %16 %36 %37 %
Clay29 %21 %16 %76 %43 %32 %
USDA TextureSilty clay loamSilt loamSandy loamClay (heavy)ClayClay loam
Reference Bulk Density1.28 g/cm³1.34 g/cm³1.48 g/cm³1.14 g/cm³1.25 g/cm³1.32 g/cm³
Bulk Density1.15 g/cm³1.13 g/cm³1.18 g/cm³1.2 g/cm³1.24 g/cm³1.33 g/cm³
Organic Carbon1.31 %0.58 %0.91 %0.16 %1.2 %1.9 %
PH6.58.554.35.65.7
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity60 cmol kg⁻¹85 cmol kg⁻¹15 cmol kg⁻¹11 cmol kg⁻¹16 cmol kg⁻¹28 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity22 cmol kg⁻¹19 cmol kg⁻¹7 cmol kg⁻¹9 cmol kg⁻¹15 cmol kg⁻¹15 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation88 %100 %54 %40 %55 %87 %
Total Exchangeable Bases19.4 cmol kg⁻¹18.6 cmol kg⁻¹3.8 cmol kg⁻¹3.6 cmol kg⁻¹8.3 cmol kg⁻¹13.1 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate0.7 %2.3 %0 %0 %0 %0 %
Calcium Sulphate0.1 %0.1 %0 %0 %0 %0 %
Exchangeable Sodium17 %20 %2 %1 %2 %1 %
Electrical Conductivity0.8 dS m-13 dS m-10 dS m-10 dS m-10 dS m-10 dS m-1
Subsoil Properties
Gravel0 %0 %0 %0 %3 % 
Sand5 %13 %35 %6 %15 % 
Silt57 %63 %19 %13 %19 % 
Clay38 %24 %46 %81 %66 % 
USDA TextureSilty clay loamSilt loamClayClay (heavy)Clay (heavy) 
Reference Bulk Density1.24 g/cm³1.32 g/cm³1.27 g/cm³1.13 g/cm³1.18 g/cm³ 
Bulk Density1.15 g/cm³1.16 g/cm³1.21 g/cm³1.24 g/cm³1.42 g/cm³ 
Organic Carbon0.28 %0.14 %0.71 %0.11 %0.64 % 
PH8.58.96.24.35.8 
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity73 cmol kg⁻¹109 cmol kg⁻¹13 cmol kg⁻¹10 cmol kg⁻¹18 cmol kg⁻¹ 
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity29 cmol kg⁻¹26 cmol kg⁻¹9 cmol kg⁻¹8 cmol kg⁻¹19 cmol kg⁻¹ 
Base Saturation100 %100 %79 %40 %69 % 
Total Exchangeable Bases28.5 cmol kg⁻¹26.1 cmol kg⁻¹7.1 cmol kg⁻¹3.2 cmol kg⁻¹13.1 cmol kg⁻¹ 
Calcium Carbonate2.9 %3 %0 %0 %0 % 
Calcium Sulphate0.1 %0.1 %0 %0 %0 % 
Exchangeable Sodium31 %47 %3 %2 %1 % 
Electrical Conductivity1.7 dS m-11.9 dS m-10 dS m-10 dS m-10 dS m-1 
Soil data provided by FAO/IIASA/ISRIC/ISSCAS/JRC, 2012. Harmonized World Soil Database (version 1.2). FAO, Rome, Italy and IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria.
Köppen climate classification provided by Kottek, M., J. Grieser, C. Beck, B. Rudolf, and F. Rubel, 2006: World Map of Köppen-Geiger Climate Classification updated. Meteorol. Z., 15, 259-263