World Species : Protected Area : Sundown National Park

Sundown National Park

Location:	Queensland, Australia
IUCN Category:	II
Area:	30,557 acres (12,366 hectares)
Species:	All Endangered Invasive
Website:	View website
Climate:	View Climate Data
Land Use:	View Land Use Data
Köppen climate classification:	Cfb (Climate: warm temperate; Precipitation: fully humid; Temperature: warm summer)

Ecoregions

Eastern Australian temperate forests

Soils

— Protected Area Boundary

	A			B			C							D

Share	34 %	33 %	33 %	60 %	20 %	20 %	15 %	15 %	20 %	20 %	10 %	10 %	10 %	40 %	30 %	10 %	10 %	10 %
Soil Type	Lithosols	Calcic Xerosols	Regosols	Humic Podzols	Dystric Regosols	Orthic Podzols	Solodic Planosols	Solodic Planosols	Regosols	Lithosols	Orthic Solonetz	Orthic Luvisols	Chromic Luvisols	Solodic Planosols	Dystric Planosols	Orthic Solonetz	Dystric Regosols	Podzols
Topsoil Texture	Medium	Medium	Medium	Coarse	Medium	Coarse	Coarse	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Coarse	Medium	Medium	Medium	Coarse
Reference Depth	10 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	10 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm
Drainage	Imperfectly	Moderately well	Moderately well	Somewhat excessive	Moderately well	Somewhat excessive	Poor	Poor	Moderately well	Imperfectly	Moderately well	Moderately well	Moderately well	Poor	Poor	Moderately well	Moderately well	Somewhat excessive
Available Water Capacity	15 mm	150 m	150 m	100 m	150 m	100 m	150 m	150 m	150 m	15 mm	150 m	150 m	150 m	150 m	150 m	150 m	150 m	100 m
Topsoil Properties
Gravel	26 %	4 %	24 %	3 %	20 %	4 %	4 %	4 %	24 %	26 %	6 %	4 %	9 %	4 %	4 %	6 %	20 %	3 %
Sand	43 %	40 %	44 %	90 %	42 %	85 %	76 %	41 %	44 %	43 %	47 %	47 %	47 %	76 %	41 %	47 %	42 %	87 %
Silt	34 %	37 %	36 %	7 %	37 %	11 %	13 %	35 %	36 %	34 %	28 %	32 %	29 %	13 %	39 %	28 %	37 %	9 %
Clay	23 %	23 %	20 %	3 %	21 %	4 %	11 %	24 %	20 %	23 %	25 %	21 %	24 %	11 %	20 %	25 %	21 %	4 %
USDA Texture	Loam	Loam	Loam	Sand	Loam	Loamy sand	Sandy loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Sandy loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loamy sand
Reference Bulk Density	1.39 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.78 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.73 g/cm³	1.56 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.56 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.73 g/cm³
Bulk Density	1.3 g/cm³	1.31 g/cm³	1.37 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.37 g/cm³	1.36 g/cm³	1.46 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.37 g/cm³	1.3 g/cm³	1.53 g/cm³	1.42 g/cm³	1.54 g/cm³	1.46 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.53 g/cm³	1.37 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³
Organic Carbon	1.4 %	0.56 %	1.12 %	2.85 %	1.37 %	2.09 %	0.45 %	0.85 %	1.12 %	1.4 %	0.66 %	0.82 %	0.86 %	0.45 %	1.21 %	0.66 %	1.37 %	2.08 %
PH	7.6	7.9	6.4	4.4	5.1	4.5	6.2	6.3	6.4	7.6	8.1	6.2	6.4	6.2	4.5	8.1	5.1	4.4
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity	42 cmol kg⁻¹	93 cmol kg⁻¹	38 cmol kg⁻¹	29 cmol kg⁻¹	23 cmol kg⁻¹	98 cmol kg⁻¹	40 cmol kg⁻¹	34 cmol kg⁻¹	38 cmol kg⁻¹	42 cmol kg⁻¹	46 cmol kg⁻¹	35 cmol kg⁻¹	38 cmol kg⁻¹	40 cmol kg⁻¹	23 cmol kg⁻¹	46 cmol kg⁻¹	23 cmol kg⁻¹	73 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity	15 cmol kg⁻¹	18 cmol kg⁻¹	11 cmol kg⁻¹	4 cmol kg⁻¹	11 cmol kg⁻¹	10 cmol kg⁻¹	6 cmol kg⁻¹	10 cmol kg⁻¹	11 cmol kg⁻¹	15 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	11 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	6 cmol kg⁻¹	7 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	11 cmol kg⁻¹	5 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation	100 %	100 %	76 %	18 %	22 %	16 %	77 %	73 %	76 %	100 %	100 %	88 %	89 %	77 %	30 %	100 %	22 %	16 %
Total Exchangeable Bases	15.6 cmol kg⁻¹	33.2 cmol kg⁻¹	9.5 cmol kg⁻¹	2.5 cmol kg⁻¹	2.6 cmol kg⁻¹	2.5 cmol kg⁻¹	5.1 cmol kg⁻¹	8.4 cmol kg⁻¹	9.5 cmol kg⁻¹	15.6 cmol kg⁻¹	21.1 cmol kg⁻¹	8.3 cmol kg⁻¹	10 cmol kg⁻¹	5.1 cmol kg⁻¹	9.2 cmol kg⁻¹	21.1 cmol kg⁻¹	2.6 cmol kg⁻¹	2.4 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate	3.9 %	9 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	3.9 %	5.8 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	5.8 %	0 %	0 %
Calcium Sulphate	0 %	0.4 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %
Exchangeable Sodium	4 %	3 %	2 %	1 %	2 %	1 %	6 %	5 %	2 %	4 %	13 %	1 %	1 %	6 %	2 %	13 %	2 %	1 %
Electrical Conductivity	0.1 dS m-1	0.8 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.6 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.6 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1
Subsoil Properties
Gravel		4 %	28 %	3 %	35 %	5 %	7 %	4 %	28 %		8 %	5 %	8 %	7 %	4 %	8 %	35 %	3 %
Sand		37 %	44 %	89 %	44 %	84 %	59 %	36 %	44 %		40 %	40 %	39 %	59 %	28 %	40 %	44 %	86 %
Silt		36 %	35 %	7 %	35 %	11 %	13 %	22 %	35 %		27 %	29 %	27 %	13 %	31 %	27 %	35 %	9 %
Clay		27 %	21 %	4 %	21 %	5 %	28 %	42 %	21 %		33 %	31 %	34 %	28 %	41 %	33 %	21 %	5 %
USDA Texture		Clay loam	Loam	Sand	Loam	Loamy sand	Sandy clay loam	Clay	Loam		Clay loam	Clay loam	Clay loam	Sandy clay loam	Clay	Clay loam	Loam	Loamy sand
Reference Bulk Density		1.36 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.74 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.7 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.29 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³		1.33 g/cm³	1.34 g/cm³	1.33 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.28 g/cm³	1.33 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.7 g/cm³
Bulk Density		1.33 g/cm³	1.53 g/cm³	1.59 g/cm³	1.53 g/cm³	1.51 g/cm³	1.63 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.53 g/cm³		1.58 g/cm³	1.5 g/cm³	1.52 g/cm³	1.63 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.58 g/cm³	1.53 g/cm³	1.57 g/cm³
Organic Carbon		0.33 %	0.48 %	0.48 %	0.6 %	0.59 %	0.22 %	0.43 %	0.48 %		0.29 %	0.39 %	0.38 %	0.22 %	0.36 %	0.29 %	0.6 %	0.51 %
PH		8	6.9	4.8	4.9	4.8	6.6	6.9	6.9		8.5	6.2	6.3	6.6	4.8	8.5	4.9	4.8
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity		65 cmol kg⁻¹	38 cmol kg⁻¹	33 cmol kg⁻¹	18 cmol kg⁻¹	63 cmol kg⁻¹	40 cmol kg⁻¹	39 cmol kg⁻¹	38 cmol kg⁻¹		57 cmol kg⁻¹	33 cmol kg⁻¹	40 cmol kg⁻¹	40 cmol kg⁻¹	20 cmol kg⁻¹	57 cmol kg⁻¹	18 cmol kg⁻¹	52 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity		20 cmol kg⁻¹	9 cmol kg⁻¹	2 cmol kg⁻¹	6 cmol kg⁻¹	4 cmol kg⁻¹	11 cmol kg⁻¹	15 cmol kg⁻¹	9 cmol kg⁻¹		19 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	15 cmol kg⁻¹	11 cmol kg⁻¹	9 cmol kg⁻¹	19 cmol kg⁻¹	6 cmol kg⁻¹	3 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation		100 %	100 %	21 %	25 %	23 %	86 %	81 %	100 %		100 %	87 %	93 %	86 %	57 %	100 %	25 %	21 %
Total Exchangeable Bases		41.4 cmol kg⁻¹	8 cmol kg⁻¹	1.3 cmol kg⁻¹	2.1 cmol kg⁻¹	1.6 cmol kg⁻¹	13 cmol kg⁻¹	12.5 cmol kg⁻¹	8 cmol kg⁻¹		35.7 cmol kg⁻¹	9.6 cmol kg⁻¹	12.3 cmol kg⁻¹	13 cmol kg⁻¹	15.8 cmol kg⁻¹	35.7 cmol kg⁻¹	2.1 cmol kg⁻¹	1.4 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate		9 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	1.8 %	2.4 %	0 %		7.4 %	0 %	0 %	1.8 %	0 %	7.4 %	0 %	0 %
Calcium Sulphate		0.3 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %		0.1 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0.1 %	0 %	0 %
Exchangeable Sodium		7 %	1 %	0 %	2 %	2 %	23 %	12 %	1 %		39 %	1 %	1 %	23 %	2 %	39 %	2 %	2 %
Electrical Conductivity		1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1		2.7 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	2.7 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1

Soil data provided by FAO/IIASA/ISRIC/ISSCAS/JRC, 2012. Harmonized World Soil Database (version 1.2). FAO, Rome, Italy and IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria.

Köppen climate classification provided by Kottek, M., J. Grieser, C. Beck, B. Rudolf, and F. Rubel, 2006: World Map of Köppen-Geiger Climate Classification updated. Meteorol. Z., 15, 259-263