World Species : Protected Area : Reserva de la Biosfera El Triunfo

Reserva de la Biosfera El Triunfo

Location:	Chiapas, Mexico
IUCN Category:	VI
Area:	296,460 acres (119,973 hectares)
Species:	All Endangered Invasive
Climate:	View Climate Data
Land Use:	View Land Use Data
Köppen climate classification:	Aw (Climate: equatorial; Precipitation: winter dry)

Ecoregions

Central American pine-oak forests
Sierra Madre de Chiapas moist forest

Soils

— Protected Area Boundary

	A				B			C

Share	39 %	21 %	32 %	8 %	45 %	33 %	22 %	60 %	40 %
Soil Type	Eutric Regosols	Eutric Cambisols	Eutric Cambisols	Eutric Regosols	Haplic Acrisols	Eutric Regosols	Lithic Leptosols	Eutric Regosols	Lithic Leptosols
Topsoil Texture	Coarse	Medium	Medium	Coarse	Fine	Coarse	Medium	Coarse	Medium
Reference Depth	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	10 cm	100 cm	10 cm
Drainage	Somewhat excessive	Moderately well	Moderately well	Somewhat excessive	Moderately well	Somewhat excessive	Imperfectly	Somewhat excessive	Imperfectly
Available Water Capacity	100 m	150 m	150 m	100 m	150 m	100 m	15 mm	100 m	15 mm
Topsoil Properties
Gravel	19 %	6 %	6 %	19 %	4 %	19 %	28 %	19 %	28 %
Sand	73 %	49 %	49 %	73 %	33 %	73 %	50 %	73 %	50 %
Silt	23 %	27 %	27 %	23 %	22 %	23 %	26 %	23 %	26 %
Clay	4 %	24 %	24 %	4 %	45 %	4 %	24 %	4 %	24 %
USDA Texture	Sandy loam	Sandy clay loam	Sandy clay loam	Sandy loam	Clay	Sandy loam	Sandy clay loam	Sandy loam	Sandy clay loam
Reference Bulk Density	1.7 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.7 g/cm³	1.27 g/cm³	1.7 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.7 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³
Bulk Density	1.52 g/cm³	1.34 g/cm³	1.34 g/cm³	1.52 g/cm³	1.17 g/cm³	1.52 g/cm³	1.09 g/cm³	1.52 g/cm³	1.09 g/cm³
Organic Carbon	0.41 %	1.04 %	1.04 %	0.41 %	0.95 %	0.41 %	14 %	0.41 %	14 %
PH	6	6.4	6.4	6	4.7	6	7.7	6	7.7
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity	140 cmol kg⁻¹	54 cmol kg⁻¹	54 cmol kg⁻¹	140 cmol kg⁻¹	17 cmol kg⁻¹	140 cmol kg⁻¹		140 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity	14 cmol kg⁻¹	17 cmol kg⁻¹	17 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹	15 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹	44 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹	44 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation	80 %	93 %	93 %	80 %	43 %	80 %	100 %	80 %	100 %
Total Exchangeable Bases	11.2 cmol kg⁻¹	15.8 cmol kg⁻¹	15.8 cmol kg⁻¹	11.2 cmol kg⁻¹	6.5 cmol kg⁻¹	11.2 cmol kg⁻¹	44 cmol kg⁻¹	11.2 cmol kg⁻¹	44 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate	0 %	0.1 %	0.1 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	3.9 %	0 %	3.9 %
Calcium Sulphate	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0.1 %	0 %	0.1 %
Exchangeable Sodium	2 %	2 %	2 %	2 %	1 %	2 %	4 %	2 %	4 %
Electrical Conductivity	0 dS m-1	0 dS m-1	0 dS m-1	0 dS m-1	0 dS m-1	0 dS m-1	0.4 dS m-1	0 dS m-1	0.4 dS m-1
Subsoil Properties
Gravel	19 %	8 %	8 %	19 %	4 %	19 %		19 %
Sand	73 %	58 %	58 %	73 %	22 %	73 %		73 %
Silt	23 %	18 %	18 %	23 %	17 %	23 %		23 %
Clay	4 %	24 %	24 %	4 %	61 %	4 %		4 %
USDA Texture	Sandy loam	Sandy clay loam	Sandy clay loam	Sandy loam	Clay (heavy)	Sandy loam		Sandy loam
Reference Bulk Density	1.7 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.7 g/cm³	1.2 g/cm³	1.7 g/cm³		1.7 g/cm³
Bulk Density	1.53 g/cm³	1.3 g/cm³	1.3 g/cm³	1.53 g/cm³	1.11 g/cm³	1.53 g/cm³		1.53 g/cm³
Organic Carbon	0.15 %	0.19 %	0.19 %	0.15 %	0.25 %	0.15 %		0.15 %
PH	6.4	6.6	6.6	6.4	4.7	6.4		6.4
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity	140 cmol kg⁻¹	90 cmol kg⁻¹	90 cmol kg⁻¹	140 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	140 cmol kg⁻¹		140 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity	13 cmol kg⁻¹	19 cmol kg⁻¹	19 cmol kg⁻¹	13 cmol kg⁻¹	22 cmol kg⁻¹	13 cmol kg⁻¹		13 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation	85 %	91 %	91 %	85 %	40 %	85 %		85 %
Total Exchangeable Bases	11.1 cmol kg⁻¹	17.3 cmol kg⁻¹	17.3 cmol kg⁻¹	11.1 cmol kg⁻¹	8.8 cmol kg⁻¹	11.1 cmol kg⁻¹		11.1 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate	0.2 %	0.3 %	0.3 %	0.2 %	0 %	0.2 %		0.2 %
Calcium Sulphate	0.1 %	0.1 %	0.1 %	0.1 %	0 %	0.1 %		0.1 %
Exchangeable Sodium	3 %	3 %	3 %	3 %	2 %	3 %		3 %
Electrical Conductivity	0.1 dS m-1	0.2 dS m-1	0.2 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1		0.1 dS m-1

Soil data provided by FAO/IIASA/ISRIC/ISSCAS/JRC, 2012. Harmonized World Soil Database (version 1.2). FAO, Rome, Italy and IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria.

Köppen climate classification provided by Kottek, M., J. Grieser, C. Beck, B. Rudolf, and F. Rubel, 2006: World Map of Köppen-Geiger Climate Classification updated. Meteorol. Z., 15, 259-263