World Species : Protected Area : Tsingy de Bemaraha Strict Nature Reserve

Tsingy de Bemaraha Strict Nature Reserve

Location:	Madagascar
IUCN Category:	Ia
Area:	207,273 acres (83,881 hectares)
Species:	All Endangered Invasive
Climate:	View Climate Data
Land Use:	View Land Use Data
Köppen climate classification:	Aw (Climate: equatorial; Precipitation: winter dry)

Ecoregions

Madagascar dry deciduous forests

Soils

— Protected Area Boundary

	A				B				C

Share	30 %	30 %	20 %	20 %	50 %	20 %	20 %	10 %	30 %	20 %	20 %	10 %	10 %	10 %
Soil Type	Chromic Luvisols	Chromic Luvisols	Pellic Vertisols	Chromic Cambisols	Ferric Luvisols	Eutric Nitosols	Chromic Luvisols	Orthic Acrisols	Chromic Vertisols	Pellic Vertisols	Ferric Luvisols	Chromic Luvisols	Dystric Fluvisols	Calcic Cambisols
Topsoil Texture	Medium	Fine	Fine	Fine	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Fine	Fine	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium
Reference Depth	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm
Drainage	Moderately well	Moderately well	Poor	Moderately well	Moderately well	Moderately well	Moderately well	Moderately well	Poor	Poor	Moderately well	Moderately well	Poor	Moderately well
Available Water Capacity	150 m	150 m	125 m	150 m	150 m	150 m	150 m	150 m	125 m	125 m	150 m	150 m	150 m	150 m
Misc. Property			Vertic (cracks of more than 1 cm wide)						Vertic (cracks of more than 1 cm wide)	Vertic (cracks of more than 1 cm wide)
Topsoil Properties
Gravel	9 %	4 %	2 %	3 %	11 %	10 %	9 %	10 %	4 %	2 %	11 %	9 %	4 %	10 %
Sand	47 %	26 %	20 %	20 %	56 %	49 %	47 %	49 %	16 %	20 %	56 %	47 %	49 %	38 %
Silt	29 %	27 %	24 %	30 %	20 %	28 %	29 %	27 %	29 %	24 %	20 %	29 %	32 %	41 %
Clay	24 %	47 %	56 %	50 %	24 %	23 %	24 %	24 %	55 %	56 %	24 %	24 %	19 %	21 %
USDA Texture	Loam	Clay	Clay	Clay	Sandy clay loam	Loam	Loam	Sandy clay loam	Clay	Clay	Sandy clay loam	Loam	Loam	Loam
Reference Bulk Density	1.39 g/cm³	1.25 g/cm³	1.22 g/cm³	1.23 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.21 g/cm³	1.22 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.43 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³
Bulk Density	1.54 g/cm³	1.35 g/cm³	1.31 g/cm³	1.23 g/cm³	1.48 g/cm³	1.49 g/cm³	1.54 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.65 g/cm³	1.31 g/cm³	1.48 g/cm³	1.54 g/cm³	1.33 g/cm³	1.42 g/cm³
Organic Carbon	0.86 %	1.22 %	1.2 %	1.43 %	0.74 %	0.58 %	0.86 %	1 %	0.75 %	1.2 %	0.74 %	0.86 %	1.1 %	0.63 %
PH	6.4	6.3	6.8	6.8	6.3	6.2	6.4	4.6	7.9	6.8	6.3	6.4	5	8
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity	38 cmol kg⁻¹	29 cmol kg⁻¹	68 cmol kg⁻¹	35 cmol kg⁻¹	23 cmol kg⁻¹	32 cmol kg⁻¹	38 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	75 cmol kg⁻¹	68 cmol kg⁻¹	23 cmol kg⁻¹	38 cmol kg⁻¹	24 cmol kg⁻¹	56 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity	12 cmol kg⁻¹	18 cmol kg⁻¹	42 cmol kg⁻¹	21 cmol kg⁻¹	7 cmol kg⁻¹	9 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	7 cmol kg⁻¹	44 cmol kg⁻¹	42 cmol kg⁻¹	7 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	7 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation	89 %	77 %	100 %	91 %	85 %	81 %	89 %	44 %	100 %	100 %	85 %	89 %	36 %	100 %
Total Exchangeable Bases	10 cmol kg⁻¹	13.4 cmol kg⁻¹	41 cmol kg⁻¹	20.8 cmol kg⁻¹	6.1 cmol kg⁻¹	7.2 cmol kg⁻¹	10 cmol kg⁻¹	3.5 cmol kg⁻¹	45.2 cmol kg⁻¹	41 cmol kg⁻¹	6.1 cmol kg⁻¹	10 cmol kg⁻¹	2.9 cmol kg⁻¹	27.1 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate	0 %	0 %	0.2 %	0.1 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	2.5 %	0.2 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	7 %
Calcium Sulphate	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0.1 %
Exchangeable Sodium	1 %	1 %	1 %	1 %	2 %	1 %	1 %	1 %	1 %	1 %	2 %	1 %	2 %	1 %
Electrical Conductivity	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.2 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.3 dS m-1
Subsoil Properties
Gravel	8 %	7 %	4 %	4 %	10 %	5 %	8 %	10 %	5 %	4 %	10 %	8 %	8 %	10 %
Sand	39 %	21 %	20 %	20 %	44 %	38 %	39 %	40 %	15 %	20 %	44 %	39 %	52 %	36 %
Silt	27 %	25 %	22 %	29 %	19 %	23 %	27 %	24 %	28 %	22 %	19 %	27 %	28 %	41 %
Clay	34 %	54 %	58 %	51 %	37 %	39 %	34 %	36 %	57 %	58 %	37 %	34 %	20 %	23 %
USDA Texture	Clay loam	Clay	Clay	Clay	Clay loam	Clay loam	Clay loam	Clay loam	Clay	Clay	Clay loam	Clay loam	Loam	Loam
Reference Bulk Density	1.33 g/cm³	1.22 g/cm³	1.21 g/cm³	1.23 g/cm³	1.32 g/cm³	1.31 g/cm³	1.33 g/cm³	1.32 g/cm³	1.21 g/cm³	1.21 g/cm³	1.32 g/cm³	1.33 g/cm³	1.43 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³
Bulk Density	1.52 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.47 g/cm³	1.54 g/cm³	1.52 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.76 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.47 g/cm³	1.52 g/cm³	1.29 g/cm³	1.46 g/cm³
Organic Carbon	0.38 %	0.58 %	0.63 %	0.6 %	0.34 %	0.4 %	0.38 %	0.42 %	0.45 %	0.63 %	0.34 %	0.38 %	0.42 %	0.43 %
PH	6.3	6.4	7.4	7.2	6	6.3	6.3	4.8	8.1	7.4	6	6.3	5	8.2
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity	40 cmol kg⁻¹	33 cmol kg⁻¹	71 cmol kg⁻¹	33 cmol kg⁻¹	21 cmol kg⁻¹	41 cmol kg⁻¹	40 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹	73 cmol kg⁻¹	71 cmol kg⁻¹	21 cmol kg⁻¹	40 cmol kg⁻¹	22 cmol kg⁻¹	57 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity	15 cmol kg⁻¹	19 cmol kg⁻¹	43 cmol kg⁻¹	23 cmol kg⁻¹	8 cmol kg⁻¹	15 cmol kg⁻¹	15 cmol kg⁻¹	6 cmol kg⁻¹	43 cmol kg⁻¹	43 cmol kg⁻¹	8 cmol kg⁻¹	15 cmol kg⁻¹	7 cmol kg⁻¹	17 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation	93 %	82 %	100 %	97 %	77 %	82 %	93 %	32 %	100 %	100 %	77 %	93 %	28 %	100 %
Total Exchangeable Bases	12.3 cmol kg⁻¹	13.1 cmol kg⁻¹	44.5 cmol kg⁻¹	19.5 cmol kg⁻¹	6.6 cmol kg⁻¹	9.4 cmol kg⁻¹	12.3 cmol kg⁻¹	2.3 cmol kg⁻¹	47.5 cmol kg⁻¹	44.5 cmol kg⁻¹	6.6 cmol kg⁻¹	12.3 cmol kg⁻¹	1.9 cmol kg⁻¹	30.7 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate	0 %	0.1 %	3.4 %	0.5 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	3.9 %	3.4 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	10 %
Calcium Sulphate	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0.2 %
Exchangeable Sodium	1 %	1 %	2 %	1 %	2 %	1 %	1 %	2 %	3 %	2 %	2 %	1 %	2 %	1 %
Electrical Conductivity	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.3 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.3 dS m-1

Soil data provided by FAO/IIASA/ISRIC/ISSCAS/JRC, 2012. Harmonized World Soil Database (version 1.2). FAO, Rome, Italy and IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria.

Köppen climate classification provided by Kottek, M., J. Grieser, C. Beck, B. Rudolf, and F. Rubel, 2006: World Map of Köppen-Geiger Climate Classification updated. Meteorol. Z., 15, 259-263