World Species : Protected Area : Dong Hua Sao National Biodiversity Conservation Area

Dong Hua Sao National Biodiversity Conservation Area

Location:	Laos
IUCN Category:	VI
Area:	236,373 acres (95,657 hectares)
Species:	All Endangered Invasive
Climate:	View Climate Data
Land Use:	View Land Use Data
Köppen climate classification:	Am (Climate: equatorial; Precipitation: monsoonal)

Ecoregions

Central Indochina dry forests
Southern Annamites montane rain forests

Soils

— Protected Area Boundary

	A						B					C

Share	30 %	20 %	20 %	10 %	10 %	10 %	35 %	35 %	10 %	10 %	10 %	40 %	30 %	10 %	10 %	10 %
Soil Type	Gleyic Acrisols	Gleyic Luvisols	Orthic Acrisols	Gleyic Solonetz	Dystric Gleysols	Plinthic Acrisols	Orthic Acrisols	Orthic Acrisols	Lithosols	Dystric Cambisols	Humic Acrisols	Dystric Nitosols	Dystric Cambisols	Chromic Vertisols	Lithosols	Rendzinas
Topsoil Texture	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Fine	Medium	Medium	Medium	Fine	Medium	Fine	Medium	Medium
Reference Depth	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	10 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	10 cm	30 cm
Drainage	Poor	Poor	Moderately well	Poor	Poor	Poor	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Moderately well	Moderately well	Moderately well	Moderately well	Poor	Imperfectly	Imperfectly
Available Water Capacity	150 m	150 m	150 m	150 m	150 m	150 m	50 m	50 m	15 mm	150 m	150 m	150 m	150 m	125 m	15 mm	50 mm
Phase 1							Lithic	Lithic
Misc. Property														Vertic (cracks of more than 1 cm wide)
Topsoil Properties
Gravel	9 %	5 %	10 %	5 %	2 %	35 %	10 %	4 %	26 %	10 %	5 %	1 %	10 %	4 %	26 %	10 %
Sand	34 %	42 %	49 %	36 %	40 %	47 %	49 %	29 %	43 %	41 %	46 %	22 %	41 %	16 %	43 %	42 %
Silt	43 %	36 %	27 %	41 %	39 %	30 %	27 %	25 %	34 %	39 %	30 %	23 %	39 %	29 %	34 %	38 %
Clay	23 %	22 %	24 %	23 %	21 %	23 %	24 %	46 %	23 %	20 %	24 %	55 %	20 %	55 %	23 %	20 %
USDA Texture	Loam	Loam	Sandy clay loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Sandy clay loam	Clay	Loam	Loam	Loam	Clay	Loam	Clay	Loam	Loam
Reference Bulk Density	1.38 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.26 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.22 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.21 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³
Bulk Density	1.39 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.32 g/cm³	1.33 g/cm³	1.44 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.27 g/cm³	1.3 g/cm³	1.3 g/cm³	1.3 g/cm³	1.2 g/cm³	1.3 g/cm³	1.65 g/cm³	1.3 g/cm³	1.3 g/cm³
Organic Carbon	0.83 %	0.94 %	1 %	0.7 %	1.25 %	1.13 %	1 %	1.07 %	1.4 %	1.45 %	1.73 %	1.32 %	1.45 %	0.75 %	1.4 %	1.96 %
PH	4.9	6.1	4.6	7.2	5.1	4.8	4.6	4.6	7.6	5.1	5	5.6	5.1	7.9	7.6	7
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity	18 cmol kg⁻¹	46 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	57 cmol kg⁻¹	24 cmol kg⁻¹	13 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	13 cmol kg⁻¹	42 cmol kg⁻¹	30 cmol kg⁻¹	19 cmol kg⁻¹	17 cmol kg⁻¹	30 cmol kg⁻¹	75 cmol kg⁻¹	42 cmol kg⁻¹	47 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity	7 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹	7 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	11 cmol kg⁻¹	6 cmol kg⁻¹	7 cmol kg⁻¹	11 cmol kg⁻¹	15 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	9 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	44 cmol kg⁻¹	15 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation	30 %	89 %	44 %	93 %	47 %	54 %	44 %	38 %	100 %	37 %	27 %	61 %	37 %	100 %	100 %	87 %
Total Exchangeable Bases	1.9 cmol kg⁻¹	9.8 cmol kg⁻¹	3.5 cmol kg⁻¹	16.5 cmol kg⁻¹	5.5 cmol kg⁻¹	3 cmol kg⁻¹	3.5 cmol kg⁻¹	5.7 cmol kg⁻¹	15.6 cmol kg⁻¹	4.1 cmol kg⁻¹	2.5 cmol kg⁻¹	7.4 cmol kg⁻¹	4.1 cmol kg⁻¹	45.2 cmol kg⁻¹	15.6 cmol kg⁻¹	21.4 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate	0 %	0 %	0 %	5.2 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	3.9 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	2.5 %	3.9 %	0.2 %
Calcium Sulphate	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %
Exchangeable Sodium	2 %	1 %	1 %	11 %	1 %	2 %	1 %	1 %	4 %	1 %	1 %	2 %	1 %	1 %	4 %	1 %
Electrical Conductivity	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.2 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1
Subsoil Properties
Gravel	7 %	6 %	10 %	5 %	4 %	19 %	10 %	4 %		20 %	7 %	2 %	20 %	5 %
Sand	28 %	35 %	40 %	27 %	41 %	36 %	40 %	23 %		45 %	41 %	16 %	45 %	15 %
Silt	38 %	32 %	24 %	39 %	34 %	27 %	24 %	22 %		35 %	26 %	18 %	35 %	28 %
Clay	34 %	33 %	36 %	34 %	25 %	37 %	36 %	55 %		20 %	33 %	66 %	20 %	57 %
USDA Texture	Clay loam	Clay loam	Clay loam	Clay loam	Loam	Clay loam	Clay loam	Clay		Loam	Clay loam	Clay (heavy)	Loam	Clay
Reference Bulk Density	1.31 g/cm³	1.32 g/cm³	1.32 g/cm³	1.3 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.31 g/cm³	1.32 g/cm³	1.23 g/cm³		1.42 g/cm³	1.34 g/cm³	1.19 g/cm³	1.42 g/cm³	1.21 g/cm³
Bulk Density	1.48 g/cm³	1.59 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.47 g/cm³	1.36 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.27 g/cm³		1.37 g/cm³	1.35 g/cm³	1.2 g/cm³	1.37 g/cm³	1.76 g/cm³
Organic Carbon	0.3 %	0.28 %	0.42 %	0.29 %	0.4 %	0.41 %	0.42 %	0.46 %		0.5 %	0.77 %	0.52 %	0.5 %	0.45 %
PH	4.7	6.5	4.8	8.5	5.2	4.8	4.8	4.9		5.2	5.2	5.5	5.2	8.1
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity	22 cmol kg⁻¹	45 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹	64 cmol kg⁻¹	31 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹		36 cmol kg⁻¹	15 cmol kg⁻¹	13 cmol kg⁻¹	36 cmol kg⁻¹	73 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity	12 cmol kg⁻¹	15 cmol kg⁻¹	6 cmol kg⁻¹	21 cmol kg⁻¹	10 cmol kg⁻¹	6 cmol kg⁻¹	6 cmol kg⁻¹	9 cmol kg⁻¹		9 cmol kg⁻¹	7 cmol kg⁻¹	10 cmol kg⁻¹	9 cmol kg⁻¹	43 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation	20 %	96 %	32 %	100 %	47 %	32 %	32 %	23 %		33 %	21 %	45 %	33 %	100 %
Total Exchangeable Bases	2 cmol kg⁻¹	14.3 cmol kg⁻¹	2.3 cmol kg⁻¹	24.9 cmol kg⁻¹	6.1 cmol kg⁻¹	1.9 cmol kg⁻¹	2.3 cmol kg⁻¹	2.7 cmol kg⁻¹		2.6 cmol kg⁻¹	3 cmol kg⁻¹	4.7 cmol kg⁻¹	2.6 cmol kg⁻¹	47.5 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate	0 %	0 %	0 %	9 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %		0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	3.9 %
Calcium Sulphate	0 %	0 %	0 %	0.1 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %		0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %
Exchangeable Sodium	1 %	1 %	2 %	33 %	1 %	3 %	2 %	1 %		1 %	1 %	2 %	1 %	3 %
Electrical Conductivity	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	1.4 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1		0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.3 dS m-1

Soil data provided by FAO/IIASA/ISRIC/ISSCAS/JRC, 2012. Harmonized World Soil Database (version 1.2). FAO, Rome, Italy and IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria.

Köppen climate classification provided by Kottek, M., J. Grieser, C. Beck, B. Rudolf, and F. Rubel, 2006: World Map of Köppen-Geiger Climate Classification updated. Meteorol. Z., 15, 259-263