World Species : Protected Area : Mount Hakusan

Mount Hakusan

Location:	Toyama, Japan
IUCN Category:	V
Area:	219,319 acres (88,755 hectares)
Species:	All Endangered Invasive
Website:	View website
Climate:	View Climate Data
Land Use:	View Land Use Data
Köppen climate classification:	Dfb (Climate: snow; Precipitation: fully humid; Temperature: warm summer)

Ecoregions

Honshu alpine conifer forests
Nihonkai montane deciduous forests

Soils

— Protected Area Boundary

	A					B			C

Share	40 %	30 %	10 %	10 %	10 %	34 %	33 %	33 %	25 %	25 %	25 %	25 %
Soil Type	Dystric Cambisols	Ochric Andosols	Vitric Andosols	Orthic Acrisols	Ferric Acrisols	Lithosols	Andosols	Dystric Cambisols	Lithosols	Ochric Andosols	Orthic Luvisols	Dystric Podzoluvisols
Topsoil Texture	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium
Reference Depth	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	10 cm	100 cm	100 cm	10 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm
Drainage	Moderately well	Moderately well	Moderately well	Moderately well	Moderately well	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Imperfectly
Available Water Capacity	150 m	150 m	150 m	150 m	150 m	15 mm	50 m	50 m	15 mm	50 m	50 m	50 m
Phase 1							Lithic	Lithic		Lithic	Lithic	Lithic
Topsoil Properties
Gravel	10 %	5 %	4 %	10 %	23 %	26 %	4 %	10 %	26 %	5 %	4 %	1 %
Sand	41 %	31 %	46 %	49 %	53 %	43 %	37 %	41 %	43 %	31 %	47 %	31 %
Silt	39 %	49 %	43 %	27 %	22 %	34 %	45 %	39 %	34 %	49 %	32 %	54 %
Clay	20 %	20 %	11 %	24 %	25 %	23 %	18 %	20 %	23 %	20 %	21 %	15 %
USDA Texture	Loam	Loam	Loam	Sandy clay loam	Sandy clay loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Silt loam
Reference Bulk Density	1.41 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.51 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.42 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.43 g/cm³
Bulk Density	1.3 g/cm³	0.76 g/cm³	0.87 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.3 g/cm³	0.76 g/cm³	1.3 g/cm³	1.3 g/cm³	0.76 g/cm³	1.42 g/cm³	1.36 g/cm³
Organic Carbon	1.45 %	7 %	4.38 %	1 %	0.98 %	1.4 %	6.39 %	1.45 %	1.4 %	7 %	0.82 %	1.59 %
PH	5.1	6	5.9	4.6	5.1	7.6	5.6	5.1	7.6	6	6.2	5
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity	30 cmol kg⁻¹	93 cmol kg⁻¹	138 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹	42 cmol kg⁻¹	78 cmol kg⁻¹	30 cmol kg⁻¹	42 cmol kg⁻¹	93 cmol kg⁻¹	35 cmol kg⁻¹	63 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity	12 cmol kg⁻¹	29 cmol kg⁻¹	24 cmol kg⁻¹	7 cmol kg⁻¹	6 cmol kg⁻¹	15 cmol kg⁻¹	31 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	15 cmol kg⁻¹	29 cmol kg⁻¹	11 cmol kg⁻¹	19 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation	37 %	14 %	57 %	44 %	49 %	100 %	24 %	37 %	100 %	14 %	88 %	55 %
Total Exchangeable Bases	4.1 cmol kg⁻¹	8.8 cmol kg⁻¹	5.2 cmol kg⁻¹	3.5 cmol kg⁻¹	2.7 cmol kg⁻¹	15.6 cmol kg⁻¹	5.8 cmol kg⁻¹	4.1 cmol kg⁻¹	15.6 cmol kg⁻¹	8.8 cmol kg⁻¹	8.3 cmol kg⁻¹	5.7 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	3.9 %	0 %	0 %	3.9 %	0 %	0 %	0 %
Calcium Sulphate	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %
Exchangeable Sodium	1 %	1 %	1 %	1 %	2 %	4 %	1 %	1 %	4 %	1 %	1 %	0 %
Electrical Conductivity	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1
Subsoil Properties
Gravel	20 %	10 %	10 %	10 %	19 %		9 %	20 %		10 %	5 %	4 %
Sand	45 %	33 %	56 %	40 %	41 %		40 %	45 %		33 %	40 %	24 %
Silt	35 %	45 %	32 %	24 %	20 %		41 %	35 %		45 %	29 %	50 %
Clay	20 %	22 %	12 %	36 %	39 %		19 %	20 %		22 %	31 %	26 %
USDA Texture	Loam	Loam	Sandy loam	Clay loam	Clay loam		Loam	Loam		Loam	Clay loam	Silt loam
Reference Bulk Density	1.42 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.51 g/cm³	1.32 g/cm³	1.31 g/cm³		1.41 g/cm³	1.42 g/cm³		1.38 g/cm³	1.34 g/cm³	1.34 g/cm³
Bulk Density	1.37 g/cm³	0.8 g/cm³	0.91 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³		0.8 g/cm³	1.37 g/cm³		0.8 g/cm³	1.5 g/cm³	1.61 g/cm³
Organic Carbon	0.5 %	1.91 %	1.47 %	0.42 %	0.39 %		2.4 %	0.5 %		1.91 %	0.39 %	0.2 %
PH	5.2	6.3	6	4.8	5		6	5.2		6.3	6.2	5.3
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity	36 cmol kg⁻¹	99 cmol kg⁻¹	155 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹		91 cmol kg⁻¹	36 cmol kg⁻¹		99 cmol kg⁻¹	33 cmol kg⁻¹	67 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity	9 cmol kg⁻¹	34 cmol kg⁻¹	17 cmol kg⁻¹	6 cmol kg⁻¹	6 cmol kg⁻¹		23 cmol kg⁻¹	9 cmol kg⁻¹		34 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation	33 %	32 %	57 %	32 %	33 %		35 %	33 %		32 %	87 %	59 %
Total Exchangeable Bases	2.6 cmol kg⁻¹	4.7 cmol kg⁻¹	8 cmol kg⁻¹	2.3 cmol kg⁻¹	1.3 cmol kg⁻¹		4.5 cmol kg⁻¹	2.6 cmol kg⁻¹		4.7 cmol kg⁻¹	9.6 cmol kg⁻¹	4.9 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %		0 %	0 %		0 %	0 %	0 %
Calcium Sulphate	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %		0 %	0 %		0 %	0 %	0 %
Exchangeable Sodium	1 %	1 %	2 %	2 %	2 %		1 %	1 %		1 %	1 %	0 %
Electrical Conductivity	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1		0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1		0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1

Soil data provided by FAO/IIASA/ISRIC/ISSCAS/JRC, 2012. Harmonized World Soil Database (version 1.2). FAO, Rome, Italy and IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria.

Köppen climate classification provided by Kottek, M., J. Grieser, C. Beck, B. Rudolf, and F. Rubel, 2006: World Map of Köppen-Geiger Climate Classification updated. Meteorol. Z., 15, 259-263