Parco Del Somma-Vesuvio e Miglio D'Oro

Location:Italy
IUCN Category:II
Area:33,648 acres (13,617 hectares)
Species:All  Endangered  Invasive
Website:View website
Climate:View Climate Data
Land Use:View Land Use Data
Köppen climate classification:Csa (Climate: warm temperate; Precipitation: summer dry; Temperature: hot summer)

Ecoregions

Tyrrhenian-Adriatic sclerophyllous and mixed forests

Soils

Protected Area Boundary
 AB
   
Share40 %30 %30 %40 %25 %10 %10 %10 %3 %
Soil TypeEutric RegosolsLithic LeptosolsEutric CambisolsEutric CambisolsDystric CambisolsLuvic PhaeozemsHaplic LuvisolsVitric AndosolsEutric Cambisols
Topsoil TextureCoarseFineCoarseCoarseMediumCoarseCoarseCoarseCoarse
Reference Depth100 cm10 cm100 cm100 cm100 cm100 cm100 cm100 cm100 cm
DrainageSomewhat excessiveImperfectlyWellModerately wellImperfectlyModerately wellModerately wellModerately wellModerately well
Available Water Capacity50 m15 mm50 m15 m50 m50 m50 m50 m15 m
Phase 1StonyStonyStonyLithicLithicLithicLithicLithicLithic
Root ObstacleNone to 80 cm None to 80 cmNone to 80 cmNone to 80 cmNone to 80 cmNone to 80 cmNone to 80 cmNone to 80 cm
Impermeable LayerNone to 150 cm None to 150 cmNone to 150 cmNone to 150 cmNone to 150 cmNone to 150 cmNone to 150 cmNone to 150 cm
Soil Water RegimeNot wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 monthNot wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 monthNot wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 monthNot wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 monthNot wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 monthNot wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 monthNot wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month
Topsoil Properties
Gravel15 %17 %10 %10 %10 %4 %4 %4 %10 %
Sand83 %28 %77 %77 %42 %75 %82 %74 %77 %
Silt11 %25 %14 %14 %38 %14 %8 %21 %14 %
Clay6 %47 %9 %9 %20 %11 %10 %5 %9 %
USDA TextureLoamy sandClaySandy loamSandy loamLoamSandy loamLoamy sandSandy loamSandy loam
Reference Bulk Density1.67 g/cm³1.26 g/cm³1.6 g/cm³1.6 g/cm³1.41 g/cm³1.56 g/cm³1.59 g/cm³1.68 g/cm³1.6 g/cm³
Bulk Density1.3 g/cm³1.4 g/cm³1.5 g/cm³1.5 g/cm³1.3 g/cm³1.28 g/cm³1.43 g/cm³0.99 g/cm³1.5 g/cm³
Organic Carbon0.5 %2.3 %0.7 %0.7 %1.45 %1.23 %0.4 %3.27 %0.7 %
PH6.67.56.96.95.16.46.55.86.9
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity50 cmol kg⁻¹33 cmol kg⁻¹49 cmol kg⁻¹49 cmol kg⁻¹32 cmol kg⁻¹48 cmol kg⁻¹48 cmol kg⁻¹135 cmol kg⁻¹49 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity5 cmol kg⁻¹35 cmol kg⁻¹7 cmol kg⁻¹7 cmol kg⁻¹12 cmol kg⁻¹11 cmol kg⁻¹6 cmol kg⁻¹17 cmol kg⁻¹7 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation93 %100 %91 %91 %38 %87 %89 %34 %91 %
Total Exchangeable Bases4.2 cmol kg⁻¹37.6 cmol kg⁻¹6.7 cmol kg⁻¹6.7 cmol kg⁻¹4.3 cmol kg⁻¹8 cmol kg⁻¹5.9 cmol kg⁻¹5.5 cmol kg⁻¹6.7 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate0 %1.4 %0.1 %0.1 %0 %0 %0 %0 %0.1 %
Calcium Sulphate0 %0 %0 %0 %0 %0 %0 %0 %0 %
Exchangeable Sodium3 %1 %2 %2 %2 %0 %2 %1 %2 %
Electrical Conductivity0.1 dS m-10.4 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-1
Subsoil Properties
Gravel22 % 20 %20 %19 %4 %6 %10 %20 %
Sand80 % 67 %67 %45 %65 %75 %75 %67 %
Silt11 % 16 %16 %35 %13 %8 %21 %16 %
Clay9 % 17 %17 %20 %22 %17 %4 %17 %
USDA TextureLoamy sand Sandy loamSandy loamLoamSandy clay loamSandy loamLoamy sandSandy loam
Reference Bulk Density1.6 g/cm³ 1.48 g/cm³1.48 g/cm³1.42 g/cm³1.44 g/cm³1.5 g/cm³1.71 g/cm³1.48 g/cm³
Bulk Density1.22 g/cm³ 1.5 g/cm³1.5 g/cm³1.36 g/cm³1.34 g/cm³1.57 g/cm³0.97 g/cm³1.5 g/cm³
Organic Carbon0.3 % 0.4 %0.4 %0.5 %0.94 %0.24 %1.85 %0.4 %
PH6.7 7.37.35.26.46.55.97.3
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity44 cmol kg⁻¹ 48 cmol kg⁻¹48 cmol kg⁻¹35 cmol kg⁻¹56 cmol kg⁻¹53 cmol kg⁻¹146 cmol kg⁻¹48 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity4 cmol kg⁻¹ 8 cmol kg⁻¹8 cmol kg⁻¹9 cmol kg⁻¹20 cmol kg⁻¹10 cmol kg⁻¹10 cmol kg⁻¹8 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation76 % 91 %91 %33 %88 %88 %23 %91 %
Total Exchangeable Bases2.8 cmol kg⁻¹ 9.3 cmol kg⁻¹9.3 cmol kg⁻¹2.6 cmol kg⁻¹11.6 cmol kg⁻¹8.1 cmol kg⁻¹5.3 cmol kg⁻¹9.3 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate0 % 0.1 %0.1 %0 %0 %0 %0 %0.1 %
Calcium Sulphate0 % 0 %0 %0 %0 %0 %0 %0 %
Exchangeable Sodium3 % 2 %2 %2 %0 %1 %1 %2 %
Electrical Conductivity0.1 dS m-1 0.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-1
Soil data provided by FAO/IIASA/ISRIC/ISSCAS/JRC, 2012. Harmonized World Soil Database (version 1.2). FAO, Rome, Italy and IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria.
Köppen climate classification provided by Kottek, M., J. Grieser, C. Beck, B. Rudolf, and F. Rubel, 2006: World Map of Köppen-Geiger Climate Classification updated. Meteorol. Z., 15, 259-263