Eravikulam National Park

Location:Kerala, India
IUCN Category:II
Area:39,436 acres (15,959 hectares)
Species:All  Endangered  Invasive
Website:View website
Climate:View Climate Data
Land Use:View Land Use Data
Köppen climate classification:Aw (Climate: equatorial; Precipitation: winter dry)

Ecoregions

South Western Ghats moist deciduous forests
South Western Ghats montane rain forests

Soils

Protected Area Boundary
 A
  
Share50 %30 %10 %10 %
Soil TypeHumic AcrisolsOrthic AcrisolsLithosolsFerralic Cambisols
Topsoil TextureMediumMediumMediumMedium
Reference Depth100 cm100 cm10 cm100 cm
DrainageModerately wellModerately wellImperfectlyModerately well
Available Water Capacity150 m150 m15 mm150 m
Topsoil Properties
Gravel5 %10 %26 %1 %
Sand46 %49 %43 %52 %
Silt30 %27 %34 %25 %
Clay24 %24 %23 %23 %
USDA TextureLoamSandy clay loamLoamSandy clay loam
Reference Bulk Density1.39 g/cm³1.4 g/cm³1.39 g/cm³1.41 g/cm³
Bulk Density1.3 g/cm³1.4 g/cm³1.3 g/cm³1.31 g/cm³
Organic Carbon1.73 %1 %1.4 %0.95 %
PH54.67.64.7
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity19 cmol kg⁻¹16 cmol kg⁻¹42 cmol kg⁻¹16 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity9 cmol kg⁻¹7 cmol kg⁻¹15 cmol kg⁻¹6 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation27 %44 %100 %39 %
Total Exchangeable Bases2.5 cmol kg⁻¹3.5 cmol kg⁻¹15.6 cmol kg⁻¹2.6 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate0 %0 %3.9 %0 %
Calcium Sulphate0 %0 %0 %0 %
Exchangeable Sodium1 %1 %4 %2 %
Electrical Conductivity0.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-1
Subsoil Properties
Gravel7 %10 % 5 %
Sand41 %40 % 48 %
Silt26 %24 % 24 %
Clay33 %36 % 28 %
USDA TextureClay loamClay loam Sandy clay loam
Reference Bulk Density1.34 g/cm³1.32 g/cm³ 1.37 g/cm³
Bulk Density1.35 g/cm³1.4 g/cm³ 1.3 g/cm³
Organic Carbon0.77 %0.42 % 0.35 %
PH5.24.8 4.9
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity15 cmol kg⁻¹14 cmol kg⁻¹ 12 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity7 cmol kg⁻¹6 cmol kg⁻¹ 5 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation21 %32 % 57 %
Total Exchangeable Bases3 cmol kg⁻¹2.3 cmol kg⁻¹ 3.7 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate0 %0 % 0 %
Calcium Sulphate0 %0 % 0 %
Exchangeable Sodium1 %2 % 2 %
Electrical Conductivity0.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-1 0.1 dS m-1
Soil data provided by FAO/IIASA/ISRIC/ISSCAS/JRC, 2012. Harmonized World Soil Database (version 1.2). FAO, Rome, Italy and IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria.
Köppen climate classification provided by Kottek, M., J. Grieser, C. Beck, B. Rudolf, and F. Rubel, 2006: World Map of Köppen-Geiger Climate Classification updated. Meteorol. Z., 15, 259-263