Witherslack Mosses

Location:England, United Kingdom
Area:1,202 acres (487 hectares)
Species:All  Endangered  Invasive
Website:View website
Climate:View Climate Data
Land Use:View Land Use Data
Köppen climate classification:Cfb (Climate: warm temperate; Precipitation: fully humid; Temperature: warm summer)
Natura 2000 Data Sheet:View Data Sheet  Explanatory notes

Ecoregions

Celtic broadleaf forests

Soils

Protected Area Boundary
 AB
   
Share65 %25 %10 %50 %25 %20 %5 %
Soil TypeMollic GleysolsTerric HistosolsCalcaric FluvisolsEutric CambisolsHaplic LuvisolsDystric CambisolsLithic Leptosols
Topsoil TextureMediumMediumMediumMediumMediumMediumMedium
Reference Depth100 cm100 cm100 cm100 cm100 cm100 cm10 cm
DrainagePoorVery poorPoorImperfectlyImperfectlyImperfectlyImperfectly
Available Water Capacity150 m150 m150 m15 m50 m50 m15 mm
Phase 1   LithicLithicLithic 
Phase 2   Gravelly   
Root ObstacleNone to 80 cmNone to 80 cmNone to 80 cm60 - 80 cmNone to 80 cm60 - 80 cm 
Impermeable LayerNone to 150 cmNone to 150 cmNone to 150 cmNone to 150 cmNone to 150 cmNone to 150 cm 
Soil Water RegimeWet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 monthWet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 monthWet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 monthNot wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 monthNot wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 monthNot wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month 
Topsoil Properties
Gravel4 %28 %15 %9 %4 %10 %21 %
Sand39 %35 %34 %42 %41 %42 %42 %
Silt39 %33 %48 %36 %37 %38 %34 %
Clay22 %32 %18 %22 %22 %20 %24 %
USDA TextureLoamClay loamLoamLoamLoamLoamLoam
Reference Bulk Density1.39 g/cm³1.32 g/cm³1.41 g/cm³1.4 g/cm³1.4 g/cm³1.41 g/cm³1.38 g/cm³
Bulk Density1.28 g/cm³0.28 g/cm³1.39 g/cm³1.37 g/cm³1.43 g/cm³1.3 g/cm³1.3 g/cm³
Organic Carbon1.65 %39.4 %0.6 %1 %0.74 %1.45 %1.61 %
PH6.65.686.66.55.17.5
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity45 cmol kg⁻¹45 cmol kg⁻¹68 cmol kg⁻¹55 cmol kg⁻¹47 cmol kg⁻¹32 cmol kg⁻¹42 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity17 cmol kg⁻¹87 cmol kg⁻¹14 cmol kg⁻¹16 cmol kg⁻¹13 cmol kg⁻¹12 cmol kg⁻¹16 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation87 %75 %100 %93 %91 %38 %100 %
Total Exchangeable Bases9.8 cmol kg⁻¹59.5 cmol kg⁻¹19.8 cmol kg⁻¹14 cmol kg⁻¹11 cmol kg⁻¹4.3 cmol kg⁻¹15.5 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate0 %0 %11.7 %0 %0 %0 %3.9 %
Calcium Sulphate0 %0 %0.2 %0 %0 %0 %0 %
Exchangeable Sodium2 %1 %3 %2 %1 %2 %3 %
Electrical Conductivity0.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.7 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-1
Subsoil Properties
Gravel3 %5 %10 %12 %3 %19 % 
Sand37 %52 %36 %41 %37 %45 % 
Silt35 %23 %46 %34 %34 %35 % 
Clay28 %25 %18 %25 %29 %20 % 
USDA TextureClay loamSandy clay loamLoamLoamClay loamLoam 
Reference Bulk Density1.35 g/cm³1.38 g/cm³1.41 g/cm³1.38 g/cm³1.35 g/cm³1.42 g/cm³ 
Bulk Density1.35 g/cm³0.18 g/cm³1.41 g/cm³1.39 g/cm³1.51 g/cm³1.36 g/cm³ 
Organic Carbon0.69 %38.46 %0.4 %0.37 %0.36 %0.5 % 
PH7.25.88.176.75.2 
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity44 cmol kg⁻¹49 cmol kg⁻¹84 cmol kg⁻¹55 cmol kg⁻¹50 cmol kg⁻¹35 cmol kg⁻¹ 
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity15 cmol kg⁻¹88 cmol kg⁻¹13 cmol kg⁻¹15 cmol kg⁻¹14 cmol kg⁻¹9 cmol kg⁻¹ 
Base Saturation88 %96 %100 %93 %93 %33 % 
Total Exchangeable Bases10.7 cmol kg⁻¹81.8 cmol kg⁻¹20.7 cmol kg⁻¹15.1 cmol kg⁻¹13.1 cmol kg⁻¹2.6 cmol kg⁻¹ 
Calcium Carbonate4 %0 %12.2 %0.1 %0 %0 % 
Calcium Sulphate0 %0 %0.2 %0 %0 %0 % 
Exchangeable Sodium1 %1 %3 %2 %1 %2 % 
Electrical Conductivity0.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.5 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-1 
Soil data provided by FAO/IIASA/ISRIC/ISSCAS/JRC, 2012. Harmonized World Soil Database (version 1.2). FAO, Rome, Italy and IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria.
Köppen climate classification provided by Kottek, M., J. Grieser, C. Beck, B. Rudolf, and F. Rubel, 2006: World Map of Köppen-Geiger Climate Classification updated. Meteorol. Z., 15, 259-263