World Species : Protected Area : Carmarthen Bay Dunes/ Twyni Bae Caerfyrddin

Carmarthen Bay Dunes/ Twyni Bae Caerfyrddin

Location:	Wales, United Kingdom
Area:	2,981 acres (1,206 hectares)
Species:	All Endangered Invasive
Website:	View website
Climate:	View Climate Data
Land Use:	View Land Use Data
Köppen climate classification:	Cfb (Climate: warm temperate; Precipitation: fully humid; Temperature: warm summer)
Natura 2000 Data Sheet:	View Data Sheet Explanatory notes

Ecoregions

Celtic broadleaf forests

Soils

— Protected Area Boundary

	A				B					C

Share	50 %	35 %	10 %	5 %	60 %	20 %	10 %	5 %	5 %	70 %	20 %	10 %
Soil Type	Eutric Fluvisols	Calcaric Fluvisols	Calcaric Cambisols	Thionic Fluvisols	Eutric Fluvisols	Calcaric Fluvisols	Eutric Cambisols	Mollic Gleysols	Calcaric Regosols	Calcaric Regosols	Eutric Gleysols	Cambic Arenosols
Topsoil Texture	Fine	Fine	Medium	Fine	Fine	Medium	Fine	Medium	Medium	Coarse	Coarse	Coarse
Reference Depth	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm
Drainage	Very poor	Very poor	Moderately well	Very poor	Very poor	Poor	Moderately well	Poor	Moderately well	Somewhat excessive	Poor	Somewhat excessive
Available Water Capacity	150 m	150 m	150 m	150 m	150 m	150 m	150 m	150 m	150 m	100 m	150 m	100 m
Phase 1	Saline	Saline			Saline
Root Obstacle	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	60 - 80 cm						None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm
Impermeable Layer	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm						None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm
Soil Water Regime	Wet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Wet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Wet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Wet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 month						Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month
Topsoil Properties
Gravel	4 %	4 %	6 %	4 %	4 %	15 %	10 %	4 %	14 %	15 %	10 %	2 %
Sand	19 %	14 %	36 %	8 %	19 %	34 %	23 %	39 %	44 %	85 %	78 %	89 %
Silt	32 %	39 %	43 %	34 %	32 %	48 %	29 %	39 %	35 %	8 %	13 %	6 %
Clay	49 %	47 %	21 %	58 %	49 %	18 %	48 %	22 %	21 %	7 %	9 %	5 %
USDA Texture	Clay	Clay	Loam	Clay	Clay	Loam	Clay	Loam	Loam	Loamy sand	Sandy loam	Sand
Reference Bulk Density	1.24 g/cm³	1.23 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.19 g/cm³	1.24 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.25 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.65 g/cm³	1.6 g/cm³	1.7 g/cm³
Bulk Density	1.27 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.01 g/cm³	1.27 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.28 g/cm³	1.28 g/cm³	1.37 g/cm³	1.3 g/cm³	1.36 g/cm³	1.57 g/cm³
Organic Carbon	1.19 %	0.97 %	0.65 %	2.27 %	1.19 %	0.6 %	1.17 %	1.65 %	0.75 %	0.49 %	0.57 %	0.5 %
PH	6.2	8	8	5	6.2	8	6.7	6.6	8	7.9	6.3	6
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity	38 cmol kg⁻¹	51 cmol kg⁻¹	52 cmol kg⁻¹	23 cmol kg⁻¹	38 cmol kg⁻¹	68 cmol kg⁻¹	50 cmol kg⁻¹	45 cmol kg⁻¹	45 cmol kg⁻¹	111 cmol kg⁻¹	48 cmol kg⁻¹	40 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity	24 cmol kg⁻¹	28 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	26 cmol kg⁻¹	24 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹	27 cmol kg⁻¹	17 cmol kg⁻¹	17 cmol kg⁻¹	5 cmol kg⁻¹	6 cmol kg⁻¹	3 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation	91 %	100 %	100 %	80 %	91 %	100 %	89 %	87 %	100 %	100 %	74 %	99 %
Total Exchangeable Bases	22.7 cmol kg⁻¹	22.3 cmol kg⁻¹	24.3 cmol kg⁻¹	12.8 cmol kg⁻¹	22.7 cmol kg⁻¹	19.8 cmol kg⁻¹	22.1 cmol kg⁻¹	9.8 cmol kg⁻¹	26.8 cmol kg⁻¹	4.2 cmol kg⁻¹	4.7 cmol kg⁻¹	2 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate	0 %	13.3 %	7 %	0 %	0 %	11.7 %	0.1 %	0 %	15 %	6 %	0 %	0 %
Calcium Sulphate	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0.2 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %
Exchangeable Sodium	1 %	2 %	1 %	17 %	1 %	3 %	1 %	2 %	2 %	4 %	2 %	2 %
Electrical Conductivity	0.1 dS m-1	1 dS m-1	0.4 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.7 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.2 dS m-1	0.2 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1
Subsoil Properties
Gravel	3 %	3 %	10 %	3 %	3 %	10 %	24 %	3 %	18 %	14 %	20 %	1 %
Sand	21 %	15 %	34 %	11 %	21 %	36 %	26 %	37 %	40 %	84 %	64 %	89 %
Silt	32 %	40 %	43 %	32 %	32 %	46 %	29 %	35 %	35 %	9 %	13 %	6 %
Clay	47 %	45 %	23 %	57 %	47 %	18 %	45 %	28 %	25 %	7 %	23 %	5 %
USDA Texture	Clay	Clay	Loam	Clay	Clay	Loam	Clay	Clay loam	Loam	Loamy sand	Sandy clay loam	Sand
Reference Bulk Density	1.24 g/cm³	1.24 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.2 g/cm³	1.24 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.26 g/cm³	1.35 g/cm³	1.37 g/cm³	1.65 g/cm³	1.43 g/cm³	1.7 g/cm³
Bulk Density	1.39 g/cm³	1.46 g/cm³	1.45 g/cm³	0.99 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.35 g/cm³	1.35 g/cm³	1.5 g/cm³	1.6 g/cm³	1.55 g/cm³	1.55 g/cm³
Organic Carbon	0.55 %	0.45 %	0.43 %	2.5 %	0.55 %	0.4 %	0.58 %	0.69 %	0.47 %	0.4 %	0.3 %	0.3 %
PH	6.8	7.9	8.1	4.2	6.8	8.1	7	7.2	8.1	8	6.4	5.9
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity	41 cmol kg⁻¹	51 cmol kg⁻¹	54 cmol kg⁻¹	25 cmol kg⁻¹	41 cmol kg⁻¹	84 cmol kg⁻¹	51 cmol kg⁻¹	44 cmol kg⁻¹	52 cmol kg⁻¹	102 cmol kg⁻¹	38 cmol kg⁻¹	42 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity	20 cmol kg⁻¹	21 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	26 cmol kg⁻¹	20 cmol kg⁻¹	13 cmol kg⁻¹	25 cmol kg⁻¹	15 cmol kg⁻¹	15 cmol kg⁻¹	5 cmol kg⁻¹	10 cmol kg⁻¹	2 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation	99 %	100 %	100 %	78 %	99 %	100 %	97 %	88 %	100 %	100 %	81 %	98 %
Total Exchangeable Bases	18.2 cmol kg⁻¹	20.9 cmol kg⁻¹	28.7 cmol kg⁻¹	17.9 cmol kg⁻¹	18.2 cmol kg⁻¹	20.7 cmol kg⁻¹	25.9 cmol kg⁻¹	10.7 cmol kg⁻¹	36.5 cmol kg⁻¹	4.2 cmol kg⁻¹	6.9 cmol kg⁻¹	1.4 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate	0.2 %	19.2 %	8.7 %	0 %	0.2 %	12.2 %	0.3 %	4 %	15 %	6 %	0 %	0 %
Calcium Sulphate	0 %	0.2 %	0.4 %	0 %	0 %	0.2 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %
Exchangeable Sodium	2 %	3 %	1 %	15 %	2 %	3 %	1 %	1 %	2 %	5 %	3 %	3 %
Electrical Conductivity	0.1 dS m-1	1.9 dS m-1	0.3 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.5 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.3 dS m-1	0.3 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1

Soil data provided by FAO/IIASA/ISRIC/ISSCAS/JRC, 2012. Harmonized World Soil Database (version 1.2). FAO, Rome, Italy and IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria.

Köppen climate classification provided by Kottek, M., J. Grieser, C. Beck, B. Rudolf, and F. Rubel, 2006: World Map of Köppen-Geiger Climate Classification updated. Meteorol. Z., 15, 259-263