Borrowdale Woodland Complex

Location:England, United Kingdom
Area:1,650 acres (668 hectares)
Species:All  Endangered  Invasive
Website:View website
Climate:View Climate Data
Land Use:View Land Use Data
Köppen climate classification:Cfb (Climate: warm temperate; Precipitation: fully humid; Temperature: warm summer)
Natura 2000 Data Sheet:View Data Sheet  Explanatory notes

Ecoregions

Celtic broadleaf forests

Soils

Protected Area Boundary
 A
  
Share35 %25 %13 %10 %5 %
Soil TypeUmbric LeptosolsFerric PodzolsTerric HistosolsUmbric GleysolsDystric Cambisols
Topsoil TextureMediumCoarseMediumFineMedium
Reference Depth30 cm100 cm100 cm100 cm100 cm
DrainageImperfectlySomewhat excessiveVery poorVery poorImperfectly
Available Water Capacity15 mm50 m150 m125 m15 m
Phase 1StonyStony StonyLithic
Phase 2    Stony
Root Obstacle 40 - 60 cm60 - 80 cm60 - 80 cm40 - 60 cm
Impermeable Layer None to 150 cmNone to 150 cmNone to 150 cmNone to 150 cm
Soil Water Regime Wet within 40 cm depth for over 11 monthWet within 40 cm depth for over 11 monthWet within 40 cm depth for over 11 monthNot wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month
Topsoil Properties
Gravel6 %3 %28 %1 %10 %
Sand49 %86 %35 %17 %42 %
Silt31 %8 %33 %29 %38 %
Clay20 %6 %32 %54 %20 %
USDA TextureLoamLoamy sandClay loamClayLoam
Reference Bulk Density1.43 g/cm³1.67 g/cm³1.32 g/cm³1.22 g/cm³1.41 g/cm³
Bulk Density1.1 g/cm³1.41 g/cm³0.28 g/cm³1.23 g/cm³1.3 g/cm³
Organic Carbon2.4 %2.02 %39.4 %4.54 %1.45 %
PH5.14.55.655.1
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity34 cmol kg⁻¹78 cmol kg⁻¹45 cmol kg⁻¹23 cmol kg⁻¹32 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity12 cmol kg⁻¹5 cmol kg⁻¹87 cmol kg⁻¹24 cmol kg⁻¹12 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation36 %17 %75 %22 %38 %
Total Exchangeable Bases4.7 cmol kg⁻¹2.5 cmol kg⁻¹59.5 cmol kg⁻¹7.1 cmol kg⁻¹4.3 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate0 %0 %0 %0 %0 %
Calcium Sulphate0 %0 %0 %0 %0 %
Exchangeable Sodium4 %0 %1 %1 %2 %
Electrical Conductivity0.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-1
Subsoil Properties
Gravel 3 %5 %1 %19 %
Sand 86 %52 %22 %45 %
Silt 6 %23 %25 %35 %
Clay 8 %25 %53 %20 %
USDA Texture Loamy sandSandy clay loamClayLoam
Reference Bulk Density 1.63 g/cm³1.38 g/cm³1.23 g/cm³1.42 g/cm³
Bulk Density 1.57 g/cm³0.18 g/cm³1.28 g/cm³1.36 g/cm³
Organic Carbon 0.51 %38.46 %1.23 %0.5 %
PH 5.15.855.2
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity 50 cmol kg⁻¹49 cmol kg⁻¹15 cmol kg⁻¹35 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity 2 cmol kg⁻¹88 cmol kg⁻¹19 cmol kg⁻¹9 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation 21 %96 %27 %33 %
Total Exchangeable Bases 1.5 cmol kg⁻¹81.8 cmol kg⁻¹5.7 cmol kg⁻¹2.6 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate 0 %0 %0 %0 %
Calcium Sulphate 0 %0 %0 %0 %
Exchangeable Sodium 0 %1 %2 %2 %
Electrical Conductivity 0.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-1
Soil data provided by FAO/IIASA/ISRIC/ISSCAS/JRC, 2012. Harmonized World Soil Database (version 1.2). FAO, Rome, Italy and IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria.
Köppen climate classification provided by Kottek, M., J. Grieser, C. Beck, B. Rudolf, and F. Rubel, 2006: World Map of Köppen-Geiger Climate Classification updated. Meteorol. Z., 15, 259-263