World Species : Protected Area : Culm Grasslands

Culm Grasslands

Location:	England, United Kingdom
Area:	1,899 acres (769 hectares)
Species:	All Endangered Invasive
Website:	View website
Land Use:	View Land Use Data
Köppen climate classification:	Cfb (Climate: warm temperate; Precipitation: fully humid; Temperature: warm summer)
Natura 2000 Data Sheet:	View Data Sheet Explanatory notes

Ecoregions

Celtic broadleaf forests

Soils

— Protected Area Boundary

	A			B

Share	70 %	15 %	15 %	40 %	20 %	15 %	15 %	10 %
Soil Type	Dystric Gleysols	Stagnic Luvisols	Dystric Cambisols	Dystric Cambisols	Eutric Cambisols	Gleyic Cambisols	Dystric Cambisols	Dystric Gleysols
Topsoil Texture	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium
Reference Depth	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm
Drainage	Poor	Poor	Moderately well	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Poor	Imperfectly	Poor
Available Water Capacity	75 m	50 m	150 m	15 m	15 m	100 m	15 m	150 m
Phase 1				Stony	Stony		Stony
Phase 2				Lithic	Lithic		Lithic
Root Obstacle	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	60 - 80 cm	60 - 80 cm	60 - 80 cm	None to 80 cm	60 - 80 cm	None to 80 cm
Impermeable Layer	0 - 40 cm	0 - 40 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	40 - 80 cm	None to 150 cm	40 - 80 cm
Soil Water Regime	Wet within 80 cm over 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 11 month	Wet within 80 cm over 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 11 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Wet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Wet within 80 cm over 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 11 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month
Topsoil Properties
Gravel	2 %	4 %	10 %	10 %	9 %	4 %	10 %	2 %
Sand	40 %	37 %	42 %	42 %	42 %	45 %	42 %	40 %
Silt	39 %	44 %	38 %	38 %	36 %	36 %	38 %	39 %
Clay	21 %	19 %	20 %	20 %	22 %	19 %	20 %	21 %
USDA Texture	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam
Reference Bulk Density	1.4 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.42 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³
Bulk Density	1.3 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.3 g/cm³	1.3 g/cm³	1.37 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.3 g/cm³	1.3 g/cm³
Organic Carbon	1.17 %	0.99 %	1.45 %	1.45 %	1 %	1 %	1.45 %	1.17 %
PH	5.1	5.8	5.1	5.1	6.6	6.4	5.1	5.1
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity	25 cmol kg⁻¹	48 cmol kg⁻¹	32 cmol kg⁻¹	32 cmol kg⁻¹	55 cmol kg⁻¹	38 cmol kg⁻¹	32 cmol kg⁻¹	25 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity	11 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	9 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	11 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation	47 %	62 %	38 %	38 %	93 %	85 %	38 %	47 %
Total Exchangeable Bases	5.5 cmol kg⁻¹	8.4 cmol kg⁻¹	4.3 cmol kg⁻¹	4.3 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹	8.2 cmol kg⁻¹	4.3 cmol kg⁻¹	5.5 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %
Calcium Sulphate	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %
Exchangeable Sodium	1 %	1 %	2 %	2 %	2 %	2 %	2 %	1 %
Electrical Conductivity	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1
Subsoil Properties
Gravel	6 %	4 %	19 %	19 %	12 %	18 %	19 %	6 %
Sand	41 %	31 %	45 %	45 %	41 %	39 %	45 %	41 %
Silt	34 %	38 %	35 %	35 %	34 %	34 %	35 %	34 %
Clay	25 %	31 %	20 %	20 %	25 %	27 %	20 %	25 %
USDA Texture	Loam	Clay loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Clay loam	Loam	Loam
Reference Bulk Density	1.38 g/cm³	1.33 g/cm³	1.42 g/cm³	1.42 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.36 g/cm³	1.42 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³
Bulk Density	1.36 g/cm³	1.6 g/cm³	1.36 g/cm³	1.36 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.6 g/cm³	1.36 g/cm³	1.36 g/cm³
Organic Carbon	0.4 %	0.29 %	0.5 %	0.5 %	0.37 %	0.47 %	0.5 %	0.4 %
PH	5.3	5.9	5.2	5.2	7	6.7	5.2	5.3
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity	29 cmol kg⁻¹	50 cmol kg⁻¹	35 cmol kg⁻¹	35 cmol kg⁻¹	55 cmol kg⁻¹	37 cmol kg⁻¹	35 cmol kg⁻¹	29 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity	10 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹	9 cmol kg⁻¹	9 cmol kg⁻¹	15 cmol kg⁻¹	11 cmol kg⁻¹	9 cmol kg⁻¹	10 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation	47 %	83 %	33 %	33 %	93 %	88 %	33 %	47 %
Total Exchangeable Bases	6.1 cmol kg⁻¹	10.2 cmol kg⁻¹	2.6 cmol kg⁻¹	2.6 cmol kg⁻¹	15.1 cmol kg⁻¹	11.3 cmol kg⁻¹	2.6 cmol kg⁻¹	6.1 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0.1 %	0.1 %	0 %	0 %
Calcium Sulphate	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %
Exchangeable Sodium	1 %	1 %	2 %	2 %	2 %	2 %	2 %	1 %
Electrical Conductivity	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1

Soil data provided by FAO/IIASA/ISRIC/ISSCAS/JRC, 2012. Harmonized World Soil Database (version 1.2). FAO, Rome, Italy and IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria.

Köppen climate classification provided by Kottek, M., J. Grieser, C. Beck, B. Rudolf, and F. Rubel, 2006: World Map of Köppen-Geiger Climate Classification updated. Meteorol. Z., 15, 259-263