Culm Grasslands

Location:England, United Kingdom
Area:1,899 acres (769 hectares)
Species:All  Endangered  Invasive
Website:View website
Land Use:View Land Use Data
Köppen climate classification:Cfb (Climate: warm temperate; Precipitation: fully humid; Temperature: warm summer)
Natura 2000 Data Sheet:View Data Sheet  Explanatory notes

Ecoregions

Celtic broadleaf forests

Soils

Protected Area Boundary
 AB
   
Share70 %15 %15 %40 %20 %15 %15 %10 %
Soil TypeDystric GleysolsStagnic LuvisolsDystric CambisolsDystric CambisolsEutric CambisolsGleyic CambisolsDystric CambisolsDystric Gleysols
Topsoil TextureMediumMediumMediumMediumMediumMediumMediumMedium
Reference Depth100 cm100 cm100 cm100 cm100 cm100 cm100 cm100 cm
DrainagePoorPoorModerately wellImperfectlyImperfectlyPoorImperfectlyPoor
Available Water Capacity75 m50 m150 m15 m15 m100 m15 m150 m
Phase 1   StonyStony Stony 
Phase 2   LithicLithic Lithic 
Root ObstacleNone to 80 cmNone to 80 cm60 - 80 cm60 - 80 cm60 - 80 cmNone to 80 cm60 - 80 cmNone to 80 cm
Impermeable Layer0 - 40 cm0 - 40 cmNone to 150 cmNone to 150 cmNone to 150 cm40 - 80 cmNone to 150 cm40 - 80 cm
Soil Water RegimeWet within 80 cm over 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 11 monthWet within 80 cm over 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 11 monthNot wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 monthNot wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 monthNot wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 monthWet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 monthWet within 80 cm over 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 11 monthNot wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month
Topsoil Properties
Gravel2 %4 %10 %10 %9 %4 %10 %2 %
Sand40 %37 %42 %42 %42 %45 %42 %40 %
Silt39 %44 %38 %38 %36 %36 %38 %39 %
Clay21 %19 %20 %20 %22 %19 %20 %21 %
USDA TextureLoamLoamLoamLoamLoamLoamLoamLoam
Reference Bulk Density1.4 g/cm³1.41 g/cm³1.41 g/cm³1.41 g/cm³1.4 g/cm³1.42 g/cm³1.41 g/cm³1.4 g/cm³
Bulk Density1.3 g/cm³1.4 g/cm³1.3 g/cm³1.3 g/cm³1.37 g/cm³1.41 g/cm³1.3 g/cm³1.3 g/cm³
Organic Carbon1.17 %0.99 %1.45 %1.45 %1 %1 %1.45 %1.17 %
PH5.15.85.15.16.66.45.15.1
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity25 cmol kg⁻¹48 cmol kg⁻¹32 cmol kg⁻¹32 cmol kg⁻¹55 cmol kg⁻¹38 cmol kg⁻¹32 cmol kg⁻¹25 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity11 cmol kg⁻¹12 cmol kg⁻¹12 cmol kg⁻¹12 cmol kg⁻¹16 cmol kg⁻¹9 cmol kg⁻¹12 cmol kg⁻¹11 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation47 %62 %38 %38 %93 %85 %38 %47 %
Total Exchangeable Bases5.5 cmol kg⁻¹8.4 cmol kg⁻¹4.3 cmol kg⁻¹4.3 cmol kg⁻¹14 cmol kg⁻¹8.2 cmol kg⁻¹4.3 cmol kg⁻¹5.5 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate0 %0 %0 %0 %0 %0 %0 %0 %
Calcium Sulphate0 %0 %0 %0 %0 %0 %0 %0 %
Exchangeable Sodium1 %1 %2 %2 %2 %2 %2 %1 %
Electrical Conductivity0.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-1
Subsoil Properties
Gravel6 %4 %19 %19 %12 %18 %19 %6 %
Sand41 %31 %45 %45 %41 %39 %45 %41 %
Silt34 %38 %35 %35 %34 %34 %35 %34 %
Clay25 %31 %20 %20 %25 %27 %20 %25 %
USDA TextureLoamClay loamLoamLoamLoamClay loamLoamLoam
Reference Bulk Density1.38 g/cm³1.33 g/cm³1.42 g/cm³1.42 g/cm³1.38 g/cm³1.36 g/cm³1.42 g/cm³1.38 g/cm³
Bulk Density1.36 g/cm³1.6 g/cm³1.36 g/cm³1.36 g/cm³1.39 g/cm³1.6 g/cm³1.36 g/cm³1.36 g/cm³
Organic Carbon0.4 %0.29 %0.5 %0.5 %0.37 %0.47 %0.5 %0.4 %
PH5.35.95.25.276.75.25.3
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity29 cmol kg⁻¹50 cmol kg⁻¹35 cmol kg⁻¹35 cmol kg⁻¹55 cmol kg⁻¹37 cmol kg⁻¹35 cmol kg⁻¹29 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity10 cmol kg⁻¹14 cmol kg⁻¹9 cmol kg⁻¹9 cmol kg⁻¹15 cmol kg⁻¹11 cmol kg⁻¹9 cmol kg⁻¹10 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation47 %83 %33 %33 %93 %88 %33 %47 %
Total Exchangeable Bases6.1 cmol kg⁻¹10.2 cmol kg⁻¹2.6 cmol kg⁻¹2.6 cmol kg⁻¹15.1 cmol kg⁻¹11.3 cmol kg⁻¹2.6 cmol kg⁻¹6.1 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate0 %0 %0 %0 %0.1 %0.1 %0 %0 %
Calcium Sulphate0 %0 %0 %0 %0 %0 %0 %0 %
Exchangeable Sodium1 %1 %2 %2 %2 %2 %2 %1 %
Electrical Conductivity0.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-1
Soil data provided by FAO/IIASA/ISRIC/ISSCAS/JRC, 2012. Harmonized World Soil Database (version 1.2). FAO, Rome, Italy and IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria.
Köppen climate classification provided by Kottek, M., J. Grieser, C. Beck, B. Rudolf, and F. Rubel, 2006: World Map of Köppen-Geiger Climate Classification updated. Meteorol. Z., 15, 259-263