World Species : Protected Area : Shiwandashanshuiyuanlian National Nature Preserve

Shiwandashanshuiyuanlian National Nature Preserve

Location:	Guangxi, China
IUCN Category:	V
Area:	481,588 acres (194,892 hectares)
Species:	All Endangered Invasive
Climate:	View Climate Data
Land Use:	View Land Use Data
Köppen climate classification:	Cwa (Climate: warm temperate; Precipitation: winter dry; Temperature: hot summer)

Ecoregions

South China-Vietnam subtropical evergreen forests

Soils

— Protected Area Boundary

	A	B	C	D	E	F	G	H	I	J	K	L	M	N	O	P

Soil Type	Dystric Cambisols	Cumulic Anthrosols	Cumulic Anthrosols	Cumulic Anthrosols	Haplic Ferralsols	Haplic Ferralsols	Ferric Acrisols	Ferric Acrisols	Haplic Acrisols	Haplic Acrisols	Humic Acrisols	Humic Acrisols	Humic Acrisols	Haplic Alisols	Haplic Alisols	Haplic Alisols
Topsoil Texture	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Medium	Fine	Medium	Medium	Fine	Fine	Medium	Medium	Fine	Medium	Medium	Fine
Reference Depth	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm
Drainage	Moderately well	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Imperfectly	Moderately well	Moderately well	Moderately well	Moderately well	Moderately well	Moderately well	Moderately well	Moderately well	Moderately well	Moderately well	Moderately well	Moderately well
Available Water Capacity	150 m	150 m	150 m	150 m	150 m	150 m	150 m	150 m	150 m	150 m	150 m	150 m	150 m	150 m	150 m	150 m
Phase 1		Anthraquic	Anthraquic	Anthraquic	Skeletic	Skeletic	Skeletic
Phase 2					Erosion	Erosion	Erosion
Topsoil Properties
Gravel	10 %	10 %	10 %	10 %	3 %	4 %	28 %	28 %	4 %	4 %	25 %	25 %	10 %	8 %	8 %	7 %
Sand	42 %	29 %	29 %	29 %	60 %	28 %	55 %	55 %	27 %	27 %	50 %	50 %	28 %	40 %	40 %	24 %
Silt	38 %	50 %	50 %	50 %	13 %	20 %	20 %	20 %	25 %	25 %	27 %	27 %	22 %	37 %	37 %	33 %
Clay	20 %	21 %	21 %	21 %	27 %	52 %	25 %	25 %	48 %	48 %	23 %	23 %	50 %	23 %	23 %	43 %
USDA Texture	Loam	Silt loam	Silt loam	Silt loam	Sandy clay loam	Clay	Sandy clay loam	Sandy clay loam	Clay	Clay	Sandy clay loam	Sandy clay loam	Clay	Loam	Loam	Clay
Reference Bulk Density	1.41 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.24 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.25 g/cm³	1.25 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.25 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.26 g/cm³
Bulk Density	1.3 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.36 g/cm³	1.31 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.25 g/cm³	1.25 g/cm³	1.31 g/cm³	1.31 g/cm³	1.27 g/cm³	1.19 g/cm³	1.19 g/cm³	1.21 g/cm³
Organic Carbon	1.45 %	1.12 %	1.12 %	1.12 %	1.17 %	1.6 %	0.98 %	0.98 %	1.24 %	1.24 %	1.8 %	1.8 %	3.07 %	1.16 %	1.16 %	1.08 %
PH	5.1	7.8	7.8	7.8	4.7	5	5.2	5.2	4.8	4.8	5	5	4.8	4.9	4.9	4.8
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity	32 cmol kg⁻¹	34 cmol kg⁻¹	34 cmol kg⁻¹	34 cmol kg⁻¹	9 cmol kg⁻¹	8 cmol kg⁻¹	13 cmol kg⁻¹	13 cmol kg⁻¹	13 cmol kg⁻¹	13 cmol kg⁻¹	18 cmol kg⁻¹	18 cmol kg⁻¹	8 cmol kg⁻¹	29 cmol kg⁻¹	29 cmol kg⁻¹	21 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity	12 cmol kg⁻¹	11 cmol kg⁻¹	11 cmol kg⁻¹	11 cmol kg⁻¹	6 cmol kg⁻¹	9 cmol kg⁻¹	6 cmol kg⁻¹	6 cmol kg⁻¹	10 cmol kg⁻¹	10 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	17 cmol kg⁻¹	11 cmol kg⁻¹	11 cmol kg⁻¹	14 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation	38 %	100 %	100 %	100 %	28 %	37 %	51 %	51 %	39 %	39 %	37 %	37 %	24 %	34 %	34 %	19 %
Total Exchangeable Bases	4.3 cmol kg⁻¹	24.1 cmol kg⁻¹	24.1 cmol kg⁻¹	24.1 cmol kg⁻¹	1.9 cmol kg⁻¹	4.3 cmol kg⁻¹	2.8 cmol kg⁻¹	2.8 cmol kg⁻¹	5.4 cmol kg⁻¹	5.4 cmol kg⁻¹	5.2 cmol kg⁻¹	5.2 cmol kg⁻¹	4.6 cmol kg⁻¹	4.7 cmol kg⁻¹	4.7 cmol kg⁻¹	4.3 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate	0 %	9.3 %	9.3 %	9.3 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %
Calcium Sulphate	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %
Exchangeable Sodium	2 %	1 %	1 %	1 %	2 %	1 %	3 %	3 %	1 %	1 %	1 %	1 %	1 %	1 %	1 %	1 %
Electrical Conductivity	0.1 dS m-1	0.3 dS m-1	0.3 dS m-1	0.3 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1
Subsoil Properties
Gravel	19 %	10 %	10 %	10 %	3 %	4 %	28 %	28 %	6 %	6 %	21 %	21 %	5 %	7 %	7 %	10 %
Sand	45 %	34 %	34 %	34 %	52 %	24 %	41 %	41 %	22 %	22 %	43 %	43 %	24 %	35 %	35 %	23 %
Silt	35 %	45 %	45 %	45 %	13 %	17 %	18 %	18 %	22 %	22 %	23 %	23 %	19 %	33 %	33 %	31 %
Clay	20 %	21 %	21 %	21 %	35 %	59 %	41 %	41 %	56 %	56 %	34 %	34 %	57 %	32 %	32 %	46 %
USDA Texture	Loam	Loam	Loam	Loam	Sandy clay	Clay	Clay	Clay	Clay	Clay	Clay loam	Clay loam	Clay	Clay loam	Clay loam	Clay
Reference Bulk Density	1.42 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.35 g/cm³	1.22 g/cm³	1.3 g/cm³	1.3 g/cm³	1.22 g/cm³	1.22 g/cm³	1.34 g/cm³	1.34 g/cm³	1.22 g/cm³	1.33 g/cm³	1.33 g/cm³	1.25 g/cm³
Bulk Density	1.36 g/cm³	1.5 g/cm³	1.5 g/cm³	1.5 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.45 g/cm³	1.45 g/cm³	1.25 g/cm³	1.25 g/cm³	1.35 g/cm³	1.35 g/cm³	1.33 g/cm³	1.35 g/cm³	1.35 g/cm³	1.33 g/cm³
Organic Carbon	0.5 %	0.82 %	0.82 %	0.82 %	0.37 %	0.66 %	0.45 %	0.45 %	0.45 %	0.45 %	0.81 %	0.81 %	0.94 %	0.35 %	0.35 %	0.45 %
PH	5.2	7.9	7.9	7.9	4.9	5.1	5	5	5	5	4.9	4.9	4.7	4.8	4.8	4.8
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity	35 cmol kg⁻¹	41 cmol kg⁻¹	41 cmol kg⁻¹	41 cmol kg⁻¹	9 cmol kg⁻¹	6 cmol kg⁻¹	10 cmol kg⁻¹	10 cmol kg⁻¹	11 cmol kg⁻¹	11 cmol kg⁻¹	9 cmol kg⁻¹	9 cmol kg⁻¹	11 cmol kg⁻¹	30 cmol kg⁻¹	30 cmol kg⁻¹	26 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity	9 cmol kg⁻¹	13 cmol kg⁻¹	13 cmol kg⁻¹	13 cmol kg⁻¹	4 cmol kg⁻¹	6 cmol kg⁻¹	6 cmol kg⁻¹	6 cmol kg⁻¹	8 cmol kg⁻¹	8 cmol kg⁻¹	5 cmol kg⁻¹	5 cmol kg⁻¹	9 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	13 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation	33 %	100 %	100 %	100 %	46 %	36 %	34 %	34 %	30 %	30 %	22 %	22 %	22 %	33 %	33 %	9 %
Total Exchangeable Bases	2.6 cmol kg⁻¹	32.9 cmol kg⁻¹	32.9 cmol kg⁻¹	32.9 cmol kg⁻¹	2.5 cmol kg⁻¹	2.8 cmol kg⁻¹	1.6 cmol kg⁻¹	1.6 cmol kg⁻¹	4.2 cmol kg⁻¹	4.2 cmol kg⁻¹	2.4 cmol kg⁻¹	2.4 cmol kg⁻¹	2.2 cmol kg⁻¹	3.4 cmol kg⁻¹	3.4 cmol kg⁻¹	2 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate	0 %	9.4 %	9.4 %	9.4 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %
Calcium Sulphate	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %
Exchangeable Sodium	2 %	1 %	1 %	1 %	3 %	2 %	2 %	2 %	2 %	2 %	1 %	1 %	2 %	1 %	1 %	1 %
Electrical Conductivity	0.1 dS m-1	0.3 dS m-1	0.3 dS m-1	0.3 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1

Soil data provided by FAO/IIASA/ISRIC/ISSCAS/JRC, 2012. Harmonized World Soil Database (version 1.2). FAO, Rome, Italy and IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria.

Köppen climate classification provided by Kottek, M., J. Grieser, C. Beck, B. Rudolf, and F. Rubel, 2006: World Map of Köppen-Geiger Climate Classification updated. Meteorol. Z., 15, 259-263