Sandhammaren

Location:Sweden
Area:3,820 acres (1,546 hectares)
Species:All  Endangered  Invasive
Climate:View Climate Data
Land Use:View Land Use Data
Köppen climate classification:Cfb (Climate: warm temperate; Precipitation: fully humid; Temperature: warm summer)
Natura 2000 Data Sheet:View Data Sheet  Explanatory notes

Ecoregions

Baltic mixed forests

Soils

Protected Area Boundary
 A
  
Share68 %16 %12 %2 %2 %
Soil TypeEutric CambisolsEutric RegosolsHaplic ArenosolsTerric HistosolsLithic Leptosols
Topsoil TextureMediumMediumCoarseMediumMedium
Reference Depth100 cm100 cm100 cm100 cm10 cm
DrainageModerately wellModerately wellSomewhat excessiveVery poorImperfectly
Available Water Capacity150 m100 m100 m150 m15 mm
Phase 1 Stony   
Root Obstacle60 - 80 cm40 - 60 cmNone to 80 cm0 - 80 cm 
Impermeable LayerNone to 150 cmNone to 150 cmNone to 150 cmNone to 150 cm 
Soil Water RegimeNot wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 monthNot wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 monthNot wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 monthWet within 80 cm for 3 to 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 1 month 
Topsoil Properties
Gravel9 %25 %4 %28 %21 %
Sand42 %47 %90 %35 %42 %
Silt36 %34 %5 %33 %34 %
Clay22 %19 %5 %32 %24 %
USDA TextureLoamLoamSandClay loamLoam
Reference Bulk Density1.4 g/cm³1.43 g/cm³1.71 g/cm³1.32 g/cm³1.38 g/cm³
Bulk Density1.37 g/cm³1.21 g/cm³1.49 g/cm³0.28 g/cm³1.3 g/cm³
Organic Carbon1 %0.98 %0.4 %39.4 %1.61 %
PH6.66.46.25.67.5
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity55 cmol kg⁻¹40 cmol kg⁻¹35 cmol kg⁻¹45 cmol kg⁻¹42 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity16 cmol kg⁻¹12 cmol kg⁻¹3 cmol kg⁻¹87 cmol kg⁻¹16 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation93 %78 %93 %75 %100 %
Total Exchangeable Bases14 cmol kg⁻¹14 cmol kg⁻¹3.3 cmol kg⁻¹59.5 cmol kg⁻¹15.5 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate0 %0 %0 %0 %3.9 %
Calcium Sulphate0 %0 %0 %0 %0 %
Exchangeable Sodium2 %1 %3 %1 %3 %
Electrical Conductivity0.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-1
Subsoil Properties
Gravel12 %28 %4 %5 % 
Sand41 %51 %90 %52 % 
Silt34 %31 %5 %23 % 
Clay25 %18 %5 %25 % 
USDA TextureLoamLoamSandSandy clay loam 
Reference Bulk Density1.38 g/cm³1.44 g/cm³1.71 g/cm³1.38 g/cm³ 
Bulk Density1.39 g/cm³1.45 g/cm³1.52 g/cm³0.18 g/cm³ 
Organic Carbon0.37 %0.4 %0.21 %38.46 % 
PH76.96.15.8 
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity55 cmol kg⁻¹56 cmol kg⁻¹39 cmol kg⁻¹49 cmol kg⁻¹ 
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity15 cmol kg⁻¹11 cmol kg⁻¹2 cmol kg⁻¹88 cmol kg⁻¹ 
Base Saturation93 %89 %100 %96 % 
Total Exchangeable Bases15.1 cmol kg⁻¹10.3 cmol kg⁻¹2.6 cmol kg⁻¹81.8 cmol kg⁻¹ 
Calcium Carbonate0.1 %0 %0 %0 % 
Calcium Sulphate0 %0 %0 %0 % 
Exchangeable Sodium2 %2 %3 %1 % 
Electrical Conductivity0.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-1 
Soil data provided by FAO/IIASA/ISRIC/ISSCAS/JRC, 2012. Harmonized World Soil Database (version 1.2). FAO, Rome, Italy and IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria.
Köppen climate classification provided by Kottek, M., J. Grieser, C. Beck, B. Rudolf, and F. Rubel, 2006: World Map of Köppen-Geiger Climate Classification updated. Meteorol. Z., 15, 259-263