Bawangling National Nature Reserve

Location:Hainan, China
IUCN Category:V
Area:10,693 acres (4,327 hectares)
Species:All  Endangered  Invasive
Climate:View Climate Data
Land Use:View Land Use Data
Köppen climate classification:Cwa (Climate: warm temperate; Precipitation: winter dry; Temperature: hot summer)

Ecoregions

Hainan Island monsoon rain forests

Soils

Protected Area Boundary
 ABCDE
      
Soil TypeCumulic AnthrosolsHaplic FerralsolsFerric AcrisolsFerric AcrisolsHaplic Acrisols
Topsoil TextureMediumFineMediumMediumFine
Reference Depth100 cm100 cm100 cm100 cm100 cm
DrainageImperfectlyModerately wellModerately wellModerately wellModerately well
Available Water Capacity150 m150 m150 m150 m150 m
Phase 1AnthraquicSkeleticSkeletic  
Phase 2 ErosionErosion  
Topsoil Properties
Gravel10 %4 %28 %28 %4 %
Sand29 %28 %55 %55 %27 %
Silt50 %20 %20 %20 %25 %
Clay21 %52 %25 %25 %48 %
USDA TextureSilt loamClaySandy clay loamSandy clay loamClay
Reference Bulk Density1.38 g/cm³1.24 g/cm³1.4 g/cm³1.4 g/cm³1.25 g/cm³
Bulk Density1.41 g/cm³1.31 g/cm³1.4 g/cm³1.4 g/cm³1.25 g/cm³
Organic Carbon1.12 %1.6 %0.98 %0.98 %1.24 %
PH7.855.25.24.8
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity34 cmol kg⁻¹8 cmol kg⁻¹13 cmol kg⁻¹13 cmol kg⁻¹13 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity11 cmol kg⁻¹9 cmol kg⁻¹6 cmol kg⁻¹6 cmol kg⁻¹10 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation100 %37 %51 %51 %39 %
Total Exchangeable Bases24.1 cmol kg⁻¹4.3 cmol kg⁻¹2.8 cmol kg⁻¹2.8 cmol kg⁻¹5.4 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate9.3 %0 %0 %0 %0 %
Calcium Sulphate0 %0 %0 %0 %0 %
Exchangeable Sodium1 %1 %3 %3 %1 %
Electrical Conductivity0.3 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-1
Subsoil Properties
Gravel10 %4 %28 %28 %6 %
Sand34 %24 %41 %41 %22 %
Silt45 %17 %18 %18 %22 %
Clay21 %59 %41 %41 %56 %
USDA TextureLoamClayClayClayClay
Reference Bulk Density1.39 g/cm³1.22 g/cm³1.3 g/cm³1.3 g/cm³1.22 g/cm³
Bulk Density1.5 g/cm³1.38 g/cm³1.45 g/cm³1.45 g/cm³1.25 g/cm³
Organic Carbon0.82 %0.66 %0.45 %0.45 %0.45 %
PH7.95.1555
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity41 cmol kg⁻¹6 cmol kg⁻¹10 cmol kg⁻¹10 cmol kg⁻¹11 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity13 cmol kg⁻¹6 cmol kg⁻¹6 cmol kg⁻¹6 cmol kg⁻¹8 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation100 %36 %34 %34 %30 %
Total Exchangeable Bases32.9 cmol kg⁻¹2.8 cmol kg⁻¹1.6 cmol kg⁻¹1.6 cmol kg⁻¹4.2 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate9.4 %0 %0 %0 %0 %
Calcium Sulphate0 %0 %0 %0 %0 %
Exchangeable Sodium1 %2 %2 %2 %2 %
Electrical Conductivity0.3 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-10.1 dS m-1
Soil data provided by FAO/IIASA/ISRIC/ISSCAS/JRC, 2012. Harmonized World Soil Database (version 1.2). FAO, Rome, Italy and IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria.
Köppen climate classification provided by Kottek, M., J. Grieser, C. Beck, B. Rudolf, and F. Rubel, 2006: World Map of Köppen-Geiger Climate Classification updated. Meteorol. Z., 15, 259-263