World Species : Protected Area : Torre da Bolsa

Torre da Bolsa

Location:	Portugal
Area:	2,147 acres (869 hectares)
Species:	All Endangered Invasive
Climate:	View Climate Data
Land Use:	View Land Use Data
Köppen climate classification:	Csa (Climate: warm temperate; Precipitation: summer dry; Temperature: hot summer)
Natura 2000 Data Sheet:	View Data Sheet Explanatory notes

Ecoregions

Iberian sclerophyllous and semi-deciduous forests

Soils

— Protected Area Boundary

	A						B

Share	50 %	30 %	5 %	5 %	5 %	5 %	40 %	10 %	10 %	10 %	8 %	8 %	7 %	7 %
Soil Type	Chromic Cambisols	Calcaric Cambisols	Chromic Luvisols	Chromic Cambisols	Eutric Vertisols	Eutric Vertisols	Gleyic Luvisols	Eutric Cambisols	Haplic Luvisols	Vertic Luvisols	Chromic Luvisols	Ferric Luvisols	Calcaric Cambisols	Chromic Cambisols
Topsoil Texture	Fine	Medium	Medium	Medium	Fine	Fine	Coarse	Coarse	Coarse	Medium	Medium	Coarse	Medium	Fine
Reference Depth	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm	100 cm
Drainage	Moderately well	Moderately well	Moderately well	Moderately well	Poor	Poor	Poor	Moderately well	Moderately well	Moderately well	Imperfectly	Moderately well	Moderately well	Moderately well
Available Water Capacity	150 m	150 m	150 m	150 m	125 m	125 m	15 m	15 m	50 m	150 m	50 m	50 m	150 m	150 m
Phase 1							Gravelly	Lithic	Lithic		Lithic	Gravelly
Phase 2								Stony
Root Obstacle	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	20 - 40 cm	60 - 80 cm	None to 80 cm	40 - 60 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm	None to 80 cm
Impermeable Layer	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	0 - 40 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm	None to 150 cm
Soil Water Regime	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Wet within 80 cm over 6 months, but not wet within 40 cm for over 11 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month	Not wet within 80 cm for over 3 months, nor wet within 40 cm for over 1 month
Misc. Property					Vertic (cracks of more than 1 cm wide)	Vertic (cracks of more than 1 cm wide)				Vertic (cracks of more than 1 cm wide)
Topsoil Properties
Gravel	2 %	6 %	12 %	10 %	4 %	4 %	4 %	10 %	4 %	5 %	12 %	4 %	6 %	2 %
Sand	21 %	36 %	48 %	49 %	19 %	19 %	80 %	77 %	82 %	42 %	48 %	80 %	36 %	21 %
Silt	29 %	43 %	28 %	28 %	25 %	25 %	11 %	14 %	8 %	31 %	28 %	12 %	43 %	29 %
Clay	50 %	21 %	24 %	23 %	56 %	56 %	9 %	9 %	10 %	27 %	24 %	8 %	21 %	50 %
USDA Texture	Clay	Loam	Loam	Loam	Clay	Clay	Loamy sand	Sandy loam	Loamy sand	Clay loam	Loam	Loamy sand	Loam	Clay
Reference Bulk Density	1.24 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.22 g/cm³	1.22 g/cm³	1.6 g/cm³	1.6 g/cm³	1.59 g/cm³	1.37 g/cm³	1.4 g/cm³	1.62 g/cm³	1.39 g/cm³	1.24 g/cm³
Bulk Density	1.23 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.53 g/cm³	1.31 g/cm³	1.56 g/cm³	1.56 g/cm³	1.44 g/cm³	1.5 g/cm³	1.43 g/cm³	1.3 g/cm³	1.53 g/cm³	1.5 g/cm³	1.41 g/cm³	1.23 g/cm³
Organic Carbon	1.43 %	0.65 %	0.83 %	0.98 %	1.05 %	1.05 %	0.63 %	0.7 %	0.4 %	0.48 %	0.83 %	0.55 %	0.65 %	1.43 %
PH	6.8	8	6.3	6.6	6.9	6.9	6.5	6.9	6.5	7.2	6.3	6.4	8	6.8
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity	32 cmol kg⁻¹	52 cmol kg⁻¹	39 cmol kg⁻¹	42 cmol kg⁻¹	70 cmol kg⁻¹	70 cmol kg⁻¹	54 cmol kg⁻¹	49 cmol kg⁻¹	48 cmol kg⁻¹	63 cmol kg⁻¹	39 cmol kg⁻¹	38 cmol kg⁻¹	52 cmol kg⁻¹	32 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity	21 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	13 cmol kg⁻¹	43 cmol kg⁻¹	43 cmol kg⁻¹	6 cmol kg⁻¹	7 cmol kg⁻¹	6 cmol kg⁻¹	20 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	5 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	21 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation	94 %	100 %	88 %	83 %	100 %	100 %	83 %	91 %	89 %	99 %	88 %	77 %	100 %	94 %
Total Exchangeable Bases	22.9 cmol kg⁻¹	24.3 cmol kg⁻¹	10 cmol kg⁻¹	11.6 cmol kg⁻¹	40.9 cmol kg⁻¹	40.9 cmol kg⁻¹	6.1 cmol kg⁻¹	6.7 cmol kg⁻¹	5.9 cmol kg⁻¹	22.1 cmol kg⁻¹	10 cmol kg⁻¹	3.7 cmol kg⁻¹	24.3 cmol kg⁻¹	22.9 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate	0.2 %	7 %	0 %	0.1 %	0.2 %	0.2 %	0.1 %	0.1 %	0 %	0.3 %	0 %	0.1 %	7 %	0.2 %
Calcium Sulphate	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0.1 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %
Exchangeable Sodium	1 %	1 %	1 %	2 %	1 %	1 %	2 %	2 %	2 %	1 %	1 %	2 %	1 %	1 %
Electrical Conductivity	0.1 dS m-1	0.4 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.4 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1
Subsoil Properties
Gravel	4 %	10 %	8 %	9 %	5 %	5 %	5 %	20 %	6 %	7 %	8 %	5 %	10 %	4 %
Sand	21 %	34 %	41 %	47 %	18 %	18 %	68 %	67 %	75 %	34 %	41 %	67 %	34 %	21 %
Silt	28 %	43 %	25 %	26 %	24 %	24 %	10 %	16 %	8 %	28 %	25 %	11 %	43 %	28 %
Clay	51 %	23 %	34 %	27 %	58 %	58 %	22 %	17 %	17 %	38 %	34 %	22 %	23 %	51 %
USDA Texture	Clay	Loam	Clay loam	Sandy clay loam	Clay	Clay	Sandy clay loam	Sandy loam	Sandy loam	Clay loam	Clay loam	Sandy clay loam	Loam	Clay
Reference Bulk Density	1.23 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.33 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.21 g/cm³	1.21 g/cm³	1.45 g/cm³	1.48 g/cm³	1.5 g/cm³	1.3 g/cm³	1.33 g/cm³	1.45 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³	1.23 g/cm³
Bulk Density	1.38 g/cm³	1.45 g/cm³	1.51 g/cm³	1.44 g/cm³	1.6 g/cm³	1.6 g/cm³	1.55 g/cm³	1.5 g/cm³	1.57 g/cm³	1.47 g/cm³	1.51 g/cm³	1.5 g/cm³	1.45 g/cm³	1.38 g/cm³
Organic Carbon	0.58 %	0.43 %	0.4 %	0.47 %	0.59 %	0.59 %	0.3 %	0.4 %	0.24 %	0.38 %	0.4 %	0.31 %	0.43 %	0.58 %
PH	7.2	8.1	6.4	6.7	7.5	7.5	6.4	7.3	6.5	7.4	6.4	6.3	8.1	7.2
Clay Cation Exchange Capacity	31 cmol kg⁻¹	54 cmol kg⁻¹	41 cmol kg⁻¹	44 cmol kg⁻¹	70 cmol kg⁻¹	70 cmol kg⁻¹	43 cmol kg⁻¹	48 cmol kg⁻¹	53 cmol kg⁻¹	69 cmol kg⁻¹	41 cmol kg⁻¹	29 cmol kg⁻¹	54 cmol kg⁻¹	31 cmol kg⁻¹
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity	23 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	15 cmol kg⁻¹	15 cmol kg⁻¹	42 cmol kg⁻¹	42 cmol kg⁻¹	9 cmol kg⁻¹	8 cmol kg⁻¹	10 cmol kg⁻¹	27 cmol kg⁻¹	15 cmol kg⁻¹	7 cmol kg⁻¹	16 cmol kg⁻¹	23 cmol kg⁻¹
Base Saturation	96 %	100 %	90 %	92 %	100 %	100 %	80 %	91 %	88 %	98 %	90 %	69 %	100 %	96 %
Total Exchangeable Bases	19.5 cmol kg⁻¹	28.7 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	11.9 cmol kg⁻¹	44.2 cmol kg⁻¹	44.2 cmol kg⁻¹	5.9 cmol kg⁻¹	9.3 cmol kg⁻¹	8.1 cmol kg⁻¹	25.8 cmol kg⁻¹	12 cmol kg⁻¹	5.4 cmol kg⁻¹	28.7 cmol kg⁻¹	19.5 cmol kg⁻¹
Calcium Carbonate	0.4 %	8.7 %	0 %	0.1 %	0.8 %	0.8 %	0.1 %	0.1 %	0 %	6 %	0 %	0 %	8.7 %	0.4 %
Calcium Sulphate	0 %	0.4 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0.1 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0 %	0.4 %	0 %
Exchangeable Sodium	1 %	1 %	1 %	1 %	2 %	2 %	1 %	2 %	1 %	4 %	1 %	2 %	1 %	1 %
Electrical Conductivity	0.1 dS m-1	0.3 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1	0.3 dS m-1	0.1 dS m-1

Soil data provided by FAO/IIASA/ISRIC/ISSCAS/JRC, 2012. Harmonized World Soil Database (version 1.2). FAO, Rome, Italy and IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria.

Köppen climate classification provided by Kottek, M., J. Grieser, C. Beck, B. Rudolf, and F. Rubel, 2006: World Map of Köppen-Geiger Climate Classification updated. Meteorol. Z., 15, 259-263